[{"id":"epidemic-diseases-covid-19","category":"epidemic_diseases","category_label":"Epidemic diseases","title":"COVID-19","answer":"COVID-19 is respiratory illness caused by SARS-CoV-2, ranging from mild cold-like symptoms to severe pneumonia and long-term fatigue (long COVID).","detailed_information":"Spread is mainly airborne. High-risk groups include older adults and those with heart, lung, or immune conditions. Testing confirms infection. Treatment depends on severity—supportive care, antivirals in eligible patients, and oxygen or hospital care when needed. Vaccination reduces severe disease.","layman_term":"A coronavirus infection that can feel like a cold or become serious, especially for vulnerable people.","possible_causes":["SARS-CoV-2 virus transmission","Indoor crowding and poor ventilation","Weakened immunity or chronic illness","Variants with higher transmissibility"],"treatment_overview":["Isolation per public-health guidance","Antiviral therapy when eligible and early","Monitoring oxygen level if advised","Vaccination and boosters per guidelines"],"medical_scientific_name":"COVID-19","basic_treatment_steps":["Stay home while contagious","Hydrate and monitor fever and breathing","Seek medical advice if high-risk","Complete vaccination series"],"first_aid_steps":["Emergency care for severe shortness of breath, blue lips, or persistent chest pain"],"symptoms":[],"keywords":["covid","epidemic","covid19","covid-19","epidemic diseases","epidemic_diseases","coronavirus","fever","cough","pandemic"],"references":[{"title":"MedlinePlus – COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019)","url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/covid19coronavirusdisease2019.html"},{"title":"CDC – COVID-19","url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=COVID-19"},{"title":"WHO health topics","url":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/"},{"title":"NLM ClinVar – COVID-19","url":"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/clinvar\/?term=COVID-19"},{"title":"PubMed – COVID-19","url":"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=COVID-19"}],"source":"database","source_url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/covid19coronavirusdisease2019.html","source_label":"MedlinePlus – COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019)"},{"id":"epidemic-diseases-influenza-a-h1n1","category":"epidemic_diseases","category_label":"Epidemic diseases","title":"Influenza A H1N1","answer":"What is the flu?The flu, also called influenza, is a respiratory infection caused by viruses. Each year, millions of Americans get sick with the flu. Sometimes it causes mild illness. But it can also be serious or even deadly, especially for people over 65, newborn babies, and people with certain chronic illnesses.","detailed_information":"N\/A","layman_term":"What is the flu?The flu, also called influenza, is a respiratory infection caused by viruses.","possible_causes":[],"treatment_overview":["Some tests are quick and give results in 15-20 minutes. But these tests are not as accurate as other flu tests. These other tests can give you the results in one hour or several hours.","What are the treatments for the flu?Most people with the flu recover on their own without medical care. People with mild cases of the flu should stay home and avoid contact with others, except to get medical care."],"medical_scientific_name":"N\/A","basic_treatment_steps":["Some tests are quick and give results in 15-20 minutes. But these tests are not as accurate as other flu tests. These other tests can give you the results in one hour or several hours.","What are the treatments for the flu?Most people with the flu recover on their own without medical care. People with mild cases of the flu should stay home and avoid contact with others, except to get medical care."],"first_aid_steps":[],"symptoms":["Fever or feeling feverish\/chills","Cough","Sore throat","Runny or stuffy nose","Muscle or body aches","Headaches","Fatigue (tiredness)","Some people may also have vomiting and diarrhea. This is more common in children.","Sometimes people have trouble figuring out whether they have a cold or the flu. There are differences between them:","What other problems can the flu cause?Some people who get the flu will develop complications. Some of these complications can be serious or even life-threatening. They include:","Bronchitis","Ear infection"],"keywords":["influenza","h1n1","epidemic","influenzaah1n1","influenza a h1n1","epidemic diseases","epidemic_diseases"],"references":[{"title":"MedlinePlus – Flu","url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/flu.html"},{"title":"CDC – Influenza A H1N1","url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Influenza%20A%20H1N1"},{"title":"WHO health topics","url":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/"},{"title":"PubMed – Influenza A H1N1","url":"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Influenza%20A%20H1N1"}],"source":"database","source_url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/flu.html","source_label":"MedlinePlus – Flu"},{"id":"epidemic-diseases-influenza-b","category":"epidemic_diseases","category_label":"Epidemic diseases","title":"Influenza B","answer":"N\/A","detailed_information":"N\/A","layman_term":"N\/A","possible_causes":[],"treatment_overview":[],"medical_scientific_name":"N\/A","basic_treatment_steps":[],"first_aid_steps":[],"symptoms":[],"keywords":["influenza","epidemic","influenzab","influenza b","epidemic diseases","epidemic_diseases"],"references":[{"title":"CDC – Influenza B","url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Influenza%20B"},{"title":"WHO health topics","url":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/"},{"title":"PubMed – Influenza B","url":"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Influenza%20B"}],"source":"database","source_url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Influenza%20B","source_label":"NIH \/ NLM medical references"},{"id":"epidemic-diseases-measles","category":"epidemic_diseases","category_label":"Epidemic diseases","title":"Measles","answer":"Measles is an infectious disease caused by a virus. It spreads easily from person to person. It causes a blotchy red rash. The rash often starts on the head and moves down the body. Other symptoms include:","detailed_information":"Measles is an infectious disease caused by a virus. It spreads easily from person to person. It causes a blotchy red rash. The rash often starts on the head and moves down the body. Other symptoms include:\n- Fever\n- Cough\n- Runny nose\n- Conjunctivitis (pink eye)\n- Feeling achy and run down\n- Tiny white spots inside the mouth","layman_term":"Measles is an infectious disease caused by a virus.","possible_causes":[],"treatment_overview":[],"medical_scientific_name":"Measles","basic_treatment_steps":["\"German measles\", also known as rubella, is a completely different illness."],"first_aid_steps":[],"symptoms":[],"keywords":["measles","epidemic","epidemic diseases","epidemic_diseases"],"references":[{"title":"MedlinePlus – Measles","url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/measles.html"},{"title":"CDC – Measles","url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Measles"},{"title":"WHO health topics","url":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/"},{"title":"NLM ClinVar – Measles","url":"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/clinvar\/?term=Measles"},{"title":"PubMed – Measles","url":"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Measles"}],"source":"database","source_url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/measles.html","source_label":"MedlinePlus – Measles"},{"id":"epidemic-diseases-mumps","category":"epidemic_diseases","category_label":"Epidemic diseases","title":"Mumps","answer":"Mumps is an illness caused by the mumps virus. It starts with:","detailed_information":"Mumps is an illness caused by the mumps virus. It starts with:\n- Fever\n- Headache\n- Muscle aches\n- Tiredness\n- Loss of appetite\nAfter that, the salivary glands under the ears or jaw become swollen and tender. The swelling can be on one or both sides of the face.  Symptoms last 7 to 10 days. Serious complications are rare.","layman_term":"Mumps is an illness caused by the mumps virus.","possible_causes":[],"treatment_overview":[],"medical_scientific_name":"Mumps infectious disease","basic_treatment_steps":["Before the routine vaccination program in the United States, mumps was a common illness in infants, children and young adults. Now it is a rare disease in the U.S."],"first_aid_steps":[],"symptoms":[],"keywords":["mumps","epidemic","epidemic diseases","epidemic_diseases"],"references":[{"title":"MedlinePlus – Mumps","url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/mumps.html"},{"title":"CDC – Mumps infectious disease","url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Mumps%20infectious%20disease"},{"title":"WHO health topics","url":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/"},{"title":"NLM ClinVar – Mumps infectious disease","url":"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/clinvar\/?term=Mumps%20infectious%20disease"},{"title":"PubMed – Mumps infectious disease","url":"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Mumps%20infectious%20disease"}],"source":"database","source_url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/mumps.html","source_label":"MedlinePlus – Mumps"},{"id":"epidemic-diseases-rubella","category":"epidemic_diseases","category_label":"Epidemic diseases","title":"Rubella","answer":"Rubella is an infection caused by a virus. It is usually mild with fever and a rash. About half of the people who get rubella do not have symptoms. If you do get them, symptoms may include:","detailed_information":"Rubella is an infection caused by a virus. It is usually mild with fever and a rash. About half of the people who get rubella do not have symptoms. If you do get them, symptoms may include:\n- A rash that starts on the face and spreads to the body\n- Mild fever\n- Aching joints, especially in young women\n- Swollen glands\nRubella is most dangerous for a pregnant woman's baby. It can cause miscarriage or birth defects.","layman_term":"Rubella is an infection caused by a virus.","possible_causes":[],"treatment_overview":[],"medical_scientific_name":"Rubella","basic_treatment_steps":[],"first_aid_steps":[],"symptoms":[],"keywords":["rubella","epidemic","epidemic diseases","epidemic_diseases"],"references":[{"title":"MedlinePlus – Rubella","url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/rubella.html"},{"title":"CDC – Rubella","url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Rubella"},{"title":"WHO health topics","url":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/"},{"title":"NLM ClinVar – Rubella","url":"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/clinvar\/?term=Rubella"},{"title":"PubMed – Rubella","url":"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Rubella"}],"source":"database","source_url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/rubella.html","source_label":"MedlinePlus – Rubella"},{"id":"epidemic-diseases-chickenpox","category":"epidemic_diseases","category_label":"Epidemic diseases","title":"Chickenpox","answer":"Chickenpox is an infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus. Most cases are in children under age 15, but older children and adults can get it.  It spreads very easily from one person to another.","detailed_information":"Chickenpox is an infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus. Most cases are in children under age 15, but older children and adults can get it.  It spreads very easily from one person to another.\nThe classic symptom of chickenpox is an uncomfortable, itchy rash. The rash turns into fluid-filled blisters and eventually into scabs. It usually shows up on the face, chest, and back and then spreads to the rest of the body. Other symptoms include:\n- Fever\n- Headache\n- Tiredness\n- Loss of appetite\nChickenpox is usually mild and lasts 5 to 10 days. Calamine lotions and oatmeal baths can help with itching. Acetaminophen can treat the fever. Do not use aspirin for chickenpox; that combination can cause Reye syndrome.\nChickenpox can sometimes cause serious problems. Adults, babies, teenagers, pregnant women, and those with weak immune systems tend to get sicker from it. They may need to take antiviral medicines.","layman_term":"Chickenpox is an infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus.","possible_causes":[],"treatment_overview":[],"medical_scientific_name":"Chickenpox","basic_treatment_steps":[],"first_aid_steps":[],"symptoms":[],"keywords":["chickenpox","epidemic","epidemic diseases","epidemic_diseases"],"references":[{"title":"MedlinePlus – Chickenpox","url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/chickenpox.html"},{"title":"CDC – Chickenpox","url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Chickenpox"},{"title":"WHO health topics","url":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/"},{"title":"NLM ClinVar – Chickenpox","url":"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/clinvar\/?term=Chickenpox"},{"title":"PubMed – Chickenpox","url":"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Chickenpox"}],"source":"database","source_url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/chickenpox.html","source_label":"MedlinePlus – Chickenpox"},{"id":"epidemic-diseases-whooping-cough","category":"epidemic_diseases","category_label":"Epidemic diseases","title":"Whooping Cough","answer":"Whooping cough is very contagious and can affect anyone. But it can be especially serious in babies who did not yet get the vaccine. About half of babies under age one who get whooping cough need care in the hospital.","detailed_information":"N\/A","layman_term":"Whooping cough is very contagious and can affect anyone.","possible_causes":["If you get pertussis, you are contagious for about 2 weeks after you start coughing. Antibiotics may shorten the time that you are contagious."],"treatment_overview":["A medical history, which includes asking about your symptoms","A physical exam","Blood test","Chest x-ray"],"medical_scientific_name":"Whooping cough","basic_treatment_steps":["Whooping cough can sometimes be very serious and require treatment in the hospital."],"first_aid_steps":[],"symptoms":["Whooping cough usually starts with cold-like symptoms. They may last for 1 to 2 weeks and can include:","Runny nose","Mild fever","Mild, occasional cough","As whopping cough gets worse, the symptoms may include:","Fits of many, rapid coughs followed by a high-pitched \"whoop\" sound","Vomiting during or after coughing fits","Exhaustion after coughing fits","The coughing fits get worse and start happening more often, especially at night. You may have them for up to 10 weeks or more.","Recovery from this can happen slowly. Your cough gets milder and happens less often. The coughing fits can come back if you have another respiratory infection, even months after you first got whooping cough."],"keywords":["whooping","cough","epidemic","whoopingcough","whooping cough","epidemic diseases","epidemic_diseases"],"references":[{"title":"MedlinePlus – Whooping Cough","url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/whoopingcough.html"},{"title":"CDC – Whooping cough","url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Whooping%20cough"},{"title":"WHO health topics","url":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/"},{"title":"NLM ClinVar – Whooping cough","url":"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/clinvar\/?term=Whooping%20cough"},{"title":"PubMed – Whooping cough","url":"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Whooping%20cough"}],"source":"database","source_url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/whoopingcough.html","source_label":"MedlinePlus – Whooping Cough"},{"id":"epidemic-diseases-diphtheria","category":"epidemic_diseases","category_label":"Epidemic diseases","title":"Diphtheria","answer":"Diphtheria is a serious bacterial infection. You can catch it from a person who has the infection and coughs or sneezes. You can also get infected by coming in contact with an object, such as a toy, that has bacteria on it.","detailed_information":"Diphtheria is a serious bacterial infection. You can catch it from a person who has the infection and coughs or sneezes. You can also get infected by coming in contact with an object, such as a toy, that has bacteria on it.\nDiphtheria usually affects the nose and throat. Symptoms include:\n- Sore throat\n- Swollen glands in the neck\n- Fever\n- Weakness\nYour doctor will diagnose it based on your signs and symptoms and a lab test. Getting treatment for diphtheria quickly is important. If your doctor suspects that you have it, you'll start treatment before the lab tests come back. Treatment is with antibiotics.","layman_term":"Diphtheria is a serious bacterial infection.","possible_causes":[],"treatment_overview":[],"medical_scientific_name":"Diphtheria","basic_treatment_steps":[],"first_aid_steps":[],"symptoms":[],"keywords":["diphtheria","epidemic","epidemic diseases","epidemic_diseases"],"references":[{"title":"MedlinePlus – Diphtheria","url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/diphtheria.html"},{"title":"CDC – Diphtheria","url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Diphtheria"},{"title":"WHO health topics","url":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/"},{"title":"NLM ClinVar – Diphtheria","url":"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/clinvar\/?term=Diphtheria"},{"title":"PubMed – Diphtheria","url":"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Diphtheria"}],"source":"database","source_url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/diphtheria.html","source_label":"MedlinePlus – Diphtheria"},{"id":"epidemic-diseases-tetanus","category":"epidemic_diseases","category_label":"Epidemic diseases","title":"Tetanus","answer":"Tetanus is a serious illness caused by Clostridium bacteria. The bacteria live in soil, saliva, dust, and manure. The bacteria can enter the body through a deep cut, like those you might get from stepping on a nail, or through a burn.","detailed_information":"Tetanus is a serious illness caused by Clostridium bacteria. The bacteria live in soil, saliva, dust, and manure. The bacteria can enter the body through a deep cut, like those you might get from stepping on a nail, or through a burn.","layman_term":"Tetanus is a serious illness caused by Clostridium bacteria.","possible_causes":[],"treatment_overview":[],"medical_scientific_name":"Tetanus","basic_treatment_steps":[],"first_aid_steps":[],"symptoms":[],"keywords":["tetanus","epidemic","epidemic diseases","epidemic_diseases"],"references":[{"title":"MedlinePlus – Tetanus","url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/tetanus.html"},{"title":"CDC – Tetanus","url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Tetanus"},{"title":"WHO health topics","url":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/"},{"title":"NLM ClinVar – Tetanus","url":"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/clinvar\/?term=Tetanus"},{"title":"PubMed – Tetanus","url":"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Tetanus"}],"source":"database","source_url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/tetanus.html","source_label":"MedlinePlus – Tetanus"},{"id":"epidemic-diseases-polio","category":"epidemic_diseases","category_label":"Epidemic diseases","title":"Polio","answer":"Because of vaccines, polio is rare in the United States. But polio does occur in some parts of the world, and travelers can spread the virus.","detailed_information":"N\/A","layman_term":"Because of vaccines, polio is rare in the United States.","possible_causes":[],"treatment_overview":[],"medical_scientific_name":"Poliomyelitis","basic_treatment_steps":["Inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) given as an injection in the leg or arm, depending on how old you are. Since 2000, this has been the only polio vaccine used in the United States.","Oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) is given as drops in the mouth. It is still used throughout much of the world.","Children in the United States get four doses of PV as part of their routine childhood immunizations. Most adults in the United States were vaccinated against polio as children.","There is a one-time IPV booster. It may be given to adults who have completed their polio vaccinations but are at higher risk of contact with poliovirus. You may be at higher risk if you are:","Traveling to a country where the risk of getting polio is greater","Working in a laboratory or healthcare setting and handling samples that might contain polioviruses","A healthcare worker who has contact with patients who could have polio"],"first_aid_steps":[],"symptoms":["Sore throat","Fever","Fatigue","Nausea","Headache","Stomach pain","In rare cases, polio can be very serious. It can lead to:","Meningitis, an infection of the covering of your spinal cord and\/or brain.","Weakness or paralysis in your arms, legs, or both. This paralysis or weakness can last a lifetime. It is possible for the paralysis to become life-threatening if it affects the muscles that you use to breathe.","Post-polio syndrome (PPS), which happens later in life."],"keywords":["polio","epidemic","epidemic diseases","epidemic_diseases"],"references":[{"title":"MedlinePlus – Polio and Post-Polio Syndrome","url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/polioandpostpoliosyndrome.html"},{"title":"CDC – Poliomyelitis","url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Poliomyelitis"},{"title":"WHO health topics","url":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/"},{"title":"NLM ClinVar – Poliomyelitis","url":"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/clinvar\/?term=Poliomyelitis"},{"title":"PubMed – Poliomyelitis","url":"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Poliomyelitis"}],"source":"database","source_url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/polioandpostpoliosyndrome.html","source_label":"MedlinePlus – Polio and Post-Polio Syndrome"},{"id":"epidemic-diseases-cholera","category":"epidemic_diseases","category_label":"Epidemic diseases","title":"Cholera","answer":"Cholera is a bacterial infection that causes diarrhea. The cholera bacterium is usually found in water or food that has been contaminated by feces (poop). Cholera is rare in the US. You may get it if you travel to parts of the world with poor water and sewage treatment. Outbreaks can also happen after disasters. The disease is not likely to spread directly from person to person.","detailed_information":"Cholera is a bacterial infection that causes diarrhea. The cholera bacterium is usually found in water or food that has been contaminated by feces (poop). Cholera is rare in the US. You may get it if you travel to parts of the world with poor water and sewage treatment. Outbreaks can also happen after disasters. The disease is not likely to spread directly from person to person.\nCholera infections are often mild. Some people don't have any symptoms. If you do get symptoms, they usually start 2 to 3 days after infection. The most common symptom is watery diarrhea.\nIn some cases, the infection can be severe, causing  lots of watery diarrhea, vomiting, and leg cramps. Because you quickly lose body fluids, you are at risk for dehydration and shock. Without treatment, you could die within hours. If you think that you might have cholera, you should get medical care right away.\nDoctors diagnose cholera with a stool sample or rectal swab. Treatment is the replacement of the fluid and salts that you lost through the diarrhea. This is usually with a rehydration solution that you drink. People with severe cases may need an I.V. to replace the fluids. Some of them may also need antibiotics. Most people who get fluid replacement right away will recover.","layman_term":"Cholera is a bacterial infection that causes diarrhea.","possible_causes":[],"treatment_overview":[],"medical_scientific_name":"Cholera","basic_treatment_steps":["Use only bottled or purified water for drinking, washing dishes, making ice cubes, and brushing your teeth","If you do use tap water, boil it or use iodine tablets","Wash your hands often with soap and clean water","Make sure that the cooked food you eat is fully cooked and served hot","Avoid unwashed or unpeeled raw fruits and vegetables"],"first_aid_steps":[],"symptoms":[],"keywords":["cholera","epidemic","epidemic diseases","epidemic_diseases"],"references":[{"title":"MedlinePlus – Cholera","url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/cholera.html"},{"title":"CDC – Cholera","url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Cholera"},{"title":"WHO health topics","url":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/"},{"title":"NLM ClinVar – Cholera","url":"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/clinvar\/?term=Cholera"},{"title":"PubMed – Cholera","url":"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Cholera"}],"source":"database","source_url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/cholera.html","source_label":"MedlinePlus – Cholera"},{"id":"epidemic-diseases-typhoid-fever","category":"epidemic_diseases","category_label":"Epidemic diseases","title":"Typhoid Fever","answer":"Salmonella is the name of a group of bacteria. In the United States, it is a common cause of foodborne illness.","detailed_information":"Salmonella is the name of a group of bacteria. In the United States, it is a common cause of foodborne illness.\nSalmonella occurs in raw poultry, eggs, beef, and sometimes on unwashed fruit and vegetables. You also can get infected after handling pets, especially reptiles like snakes, turtles, and lizards.\nSymptoms include:\n- Fever\n- Diarrhea\n- Abdominal cramps\n- Headache\n- Possible nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite\nSymptoms usually last 4-7 days. Your health care provider diagnoses the infection with a stool test. Most people get better without treatment.  Infection can be more serious in older adults, infants, and people with chronic health problems. If Salmonella gets into the bloodstream, it can be serious.  The usual treatment is antibiotics.\nTyphoid fever, a more serious disease caused by Salmonella, is not common in the United States. It frequently occurs in developing countries.\nNIH: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","layman_term":"Salmonella is the name of a group of bacteria.","possible_causes":[],"treatment_overview":[],"medical_scientific_name":"Typhoid fever","basic_treatment_steps":[],"first_aid_steps":[],"symptoms":[],"keywords":["typhoid","fever","epidemic","typhoidfever","typhoid fever","epidemic diseases","epidemic_diseases"],"references":[{"title":"MedlinePlus – Salmonella Infections","url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/salmonellainfections.html"},{"title":"CDC – Typhoid fever","url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Typhoid%20fever"},{"title":"WHO health topics","url":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/"},{"title":"NLM ClinVar – Typhoid fever","url":"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/clinvar\/?term=Typhoid%20fever"},{"title":"PubMed – Typhoid fever","url":"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Typhoid%20fever"}],"source":"database","source_url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/salmonellainfections.html","source_label":"MedlinePlus – Salmonella Infections"},{"id":"epidemic-diseases-shigellosis","category":"epidemic_diseases","category_label":"Epidemic diseases","title":"Shigellosis","answer":"N\/A","detailed_information":"N\/A","layman_term":"N\/A","possible_causes":[],"treatment_overview":[],"medical_scientific_name":"Shigellosis","basic_treatment_steps":[],"first_aid_steps":[],"symptoms":[],"keywords":["shigellosis","epidemic","epidemic diseases","epidemic_diseases"],"references":[{"title":"CDC – Shigellosis","url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Shigellosis"},{"title":"WHO health topics","url":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/"},{"title":"NLM ClinVar – Shigellosis","url":"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/clinvar\/?term=Shigellosis"},{"title":"PubMed – Shigellosis","url":"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Shigellosis"}],"source":"database","source_url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Shigellosis","source_label":"NLM ClinVar disease names"},{"id":"epidemic-diseases-norovirus","category":"epidemic_diseases","category_label":"Epidemic diseases","title":"Norovirus","answer":"Noroviruses are a group of related viruses. Infection with these viruses causes an illness called gastroenteritis, an inflammation of the stomach and intestines.  It can spread from person to person, or through contaminated food or water.  You can also get it if you touch a contaminated surface. Norovirus can be serious, especially for young children and older adults.","detailed_information":"Noroviruses are a group of related viruses. Infection with these viruses causes an illness called gastroenteritis, an inflammation of the stomach and intestines.  It can spread from person to person, or through contaminated food or water.  You can also get it if you touch a contaminated surface. Norovirus can be serious, especially for young children and older adults.","layman_term":"Noroviruses are a group of related viruses.","possible_causes":[],"treatment_overview":[],"medical_scientific_name":"Norovirus infectious disease","basic_treatment_steps":[],"first_aid_steps":[],"symptoms":["Diarrhea","Nausea and vomiting","Stomach pain","Other symptoms may include fever, headache or body aches."],"keywords":["norovirus","epidemic","epidemic diseases","epidemic_diseases"],"references":[{"title":"MedlinePlus – Norovirus Infections","url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/norovirusinfections.html"},{"title":"CDC – Norovirus infectious disease","url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Norovirus%20infectious%20disease"},{"title":"WHO health topics","url":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/"},{"title":"NLM ClinVar – Norovirus infectious disease","url":"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/clinvar\/?term=Norovirus%20infectious%20disease"},{"title":"PubMed – Norovirus infectious disease","url":"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Norovirus%20infectious%20disease"}],"source":"database","source_url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/norovirusinfections.html","source_label":"MedlinePlus – Norovirus Infections"},{"id":"epidemic-diseases-rotavirus","category":"epidemic_diseases","category_label":"Epidemic diseases","title":"Rotavirus","answer":"Rotavirus is a virus that causes gastroenteritis. Symptoms include severe diarrhea, vomiting, fever, and dehydration. Almost all children in the U.S. are likely to be infected with rotavirus before their 5th birthday.","detailed_information":"Rotavirus is a virus that causes gastroenteritis. Symptoms include severe diarrhea, vomiting, fever, and dehydration. Almost all children in the U.S. are likely to be infected with rotavirus before their 5th birthday.\nInfections happen most often in the winter and spring. It is very easy for children with the virus to spread it to other children and sometimes to adults. Once a child gets the virus, it takes about two days to become sick. Vomiting and diarrhea may last from three to eight days.","layman_term":"Rotavirus is a virus that causes gastroenteritis.","possible_causes":[],"treatment_overview":[],"medical_scientific_name":"Rotavirus infection","basic_treatment_steps":[],"first_aid_steps":[],"symptoms":[],"keywords":["rotavirus","epidemic","epidemic diseases","epidemic_diseases"],"references":[{"title":"MedlinePlus – Rotavirus Infections","url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/rotavirusinfections.html"},{"title":"CDC – Rotavirus infection","url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Rotavirus%20infection"},{"title":"WHO health topics","url":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/"},{"title":"NLM ClinVar – Rotavirus infection","url":"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/clinvar\/?term=Rotavirus%20infection"},{"title":"PubMed – Rotavirus infection","url":"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Rotavirus%20infection"}],"source":"database","source_url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/rotavirusinfections.html","source_label":"MedlinePlus – Rotavirus Infections"},{"id":"epidemic-diseases-hepatitis-a","category":"epidemic_diseases","category_label":"Epidemic diseases","title":"Hepatitis A","answer":"Thanks to a vaccine, hepatitis A is not very common in the United States.","detailed_information":"N\/A","layman_term":"Thanks to a vaccine, hepatitis A is not very common in the United States.","possible_causes":["Eat food made by someone who has the virus and did not properly wash their hands after using the bathroom","Drink contaminated water or eat foods that were rinsed with contaminated water","Have close personal contact with someone who has hepatitis A. This could be through certain types of sex (like oral-anal sex), taking care of someone who is ill, or using illegal drugs with others."],"treatment_overview":["A medical history, which includes asking about your symptoms","A physical exam","Blood tests, including tests for viral hepatitis"],"medical_scientific_name":"Hepatitis A virus infection","basic_treatment_steps":["National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases"],"first_aid_steps":[],"symptoms":["Dark yellow urine","Diarrhea","Fatigue","Fever","Gray- or clay-colored stools","Joint pain","Loss of appetite","Nausea and\/or vomiting","Abdominal pain","Yellowish eyes and skin, called jaundice","The symptoms usually last less than 2 months, although some people can be ill for as long as 6 months.","You are at a higher risk of getting a more severe infection from hepatitis A if you also have HIV, hepatitis B, or hepatitis C."],"keywords":["hepatitis","epidemic","hepatitisa","hepatitis a","epidemic diseases","epidemic_diseases"],"references":[{"title":"MedlinePlus – Hepatitis A","url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/hepatitisa.html"},{"title":"CDC – Hepatitis A virus infection","url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Hepatitis%20A%20virus%20infection"},{"title":"WHO health topics","url":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/"},{"title":"NLM ClinVar – Hepatitis A virus infection","url":"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/clinvar\/?term=Hepatitis%20A%20virus%20infection"},{"title":"PubMed – Hepatitis A virus infection","url":"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Hepatitis%20A%20virus%20infection"}],"source":"database","source_url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/hepatitisa.html","source_label":"MedlinePlus – Hepatitis A"},{"id":"epidemic-diseases-hepatitis-e","category":"epidemic_diseases","category_label":"Epidemic diseases","title":"Hepatitis E","answer":"Hepatitis can be an acute (short-term) infection or a chronic (long-term) infection. Some types of hepatitis cause only acute infections. Other types can cause both acute and chronic infections.","detailed_information":"What are the treatments for hepatitis?Treatment for hepatitis depends on which type you have and whether it is acute or chronic. Acute viral hepatitis often goes away on its own. To feel better, you may just need to rest and get enough fluids. But in some cases, it may be more serious. You might even need treatment in a hospital.\nThere are different medicines to treat the different chronic types of hepatitis. Possible other treatments may include surgery and other medical procedures. People who have alcoholic hepatitis need to stop drinking. If your chronic hepatitis leads to liver failure or liver cancer, you may need a liver transplant.","layman_term":"Hepatitis can be an acute (short-term) infection or a chronic (long-term) infection.","possible_causes":["Viral hepatitis is the most common type. It is caused by one of several viruses -- hepatitis viruses A, B, C, D, and E. In the United States, A, B, and C are the most common.","Alcoholic hepatitis is caused by heavy alcohol use","Toxic hepatitis can be caused by certain poisons, chemicals, medicines, or supplements","Autoimmune hepatitis is a chronic type in which your body's immune system attacks your liver. The cause is not known, but genetics and your environment may play a role."],"treatment_overview":[],"medical_scientific_name":"Hepatitis E virus infection","basic_treatment_steps":["NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases"],"first_aid_steps":[],"symptoms":["Fever","Fatigue","Loss of appetite","Nausea and\/or vomiting","Abdominal pain","Dark urine","Clay-colored bowel movements","Joint pain","Jaundice, yellowing of your skin and eyes","If you have an acute infection, your symptoms can start anywhere between 2 weeks to 6 months after you got infected. If you have a chronic infection, you may not have symptoms until many years later."],"keywords":["hepatitis","epidemic","hepatitise","hepatitis e","epidemic diseases","epidemic_diseases"],"references":[{"title":"MedlinePlus – Hepatitis","url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/hepatitis.html"},{"title":"CDC – Hepatitis E virus infection","url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Hepatitis%20E%20virus%20infection"},{"title":"WHO health topics","url":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/"},{"title":"NLM ClinVar – Hepatitis E virus infection","url":"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/clinvar\/?term=Hepatitis%20E%20virus%20infection"},{"title":"PubMed – Hepatitis E virus infection","url":"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Hepatitis%20E%20virus%20infection"}],"source":"database","source_url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/hepatitis.html","source_label":"MedlinePlus – Hepatitis"},{"id":"epidemic-diseases-dengue-fever","category":"epidemic_diseases","category_label":"Epidemic diseases","title":"Dengue Fever","answer":"How does dengue spread?Dengue spreads to people through the bite of an infected mosquito. It does not spread directly from person to person. However, the infection can be passed to the baby during pregnancy. In rare cases, it can spread through a blood transfusion, organ transplant, or needle stick injury (an accidental injury from a used needle)..","detailed_information":"N\/A","layman_term":"How does dengue spread?Dengue spreads to people through the bite of an infected mosquito.","possible_causes":[],"treatment_overview":["What are the treatments for dengue?There is no specific medicine to treat dengue. Most people will get better after about a week. But if you think you might have dengue:","See a health care provider and mention any recent travel.","Rest as much as possible.","Take acetaminophen to control fever and relieve pain. But do not take aspirin or ibuprofen."],"medical_scientific_name":"Dengue fever, protection against","basic_treatment_steps":["Severe dengue often requires care at a hospital."],"first_aid_steps":[],"symptoms":["A high fever","Nausea and vomiting","Rash","Aches and pains (eye pain, usually behind the eyes, and pain in the muscles, joints, or bones)","The symptoms usually last two to seven days."],"keywords":["dengue","fever","epidemic","denguefever","dengue fever","epidemic diseases","epidemic_diseases"],"references":[{"title":"MedlinePlus – Dengue","url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/dengue.html"},{"title":"CDC – Dengue fever, protection against","url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Dengue%20fever%2C%20protection%20against"},{"title":"WHO health topics","url":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/"},{"title":"NLM ClinVar – Dengue fever, protection against","url":"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/clinvar\/?term=Dengue%20fever%2C%20protection%20against"},{"title":"PubMed – Dengue fever, protection against","url":"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Dengue%20fever%2C%20protection%20against"}],"source":"database","source_url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/dengue.html","source_label":"MedlinePlus – Dengue"},{"id":"epidemic-diseases-zika-virus","category":"epidemic_diseases","category_label":"Epidemic diseases","title":"Zika Virus","answer":"Zika is a virus that is spread mostly by mosquitoes. A pregnant mother can pass it to her baby during pregnancy or around the time of birth. It can spread through sexual contact. There have also been reports that the virus has spread through blood transfusions. There have been outbreaks of Zika virus in the United States, Africa, Southeast Asia, the Pacific Islands, parts of the Caribbean, and Central and South America.","detailed_information":"Zika is a virus that is spread mostly by mosquitoes. A pregnant mother can pass it to her baby during pregnancy or around the time of birth. It can spread through sexual contact. There have also been reports that the virus has spread through blood transfusions. There have been outbreaks of Zika virus in the United States, Africa, Southeast Asia, the Pacific Islands, parts of the Caribbean, and Central and South America.\nMost people who get the virus do not get sick. One in five people do get symptoms, which can include a fever, rash, joint pain, and conjunctivitis (pink eye). Symptoms are usually mild, and start 2 to 7 days after being bitten by an infected mosquito.\nA blood test can tell whether you have the infection. There are no vaccines or medicines to treat it. Drinking lots of fluids, resting, and taking acetaminophen might help.","layman_term":"Zika is a virus that is spread mostly by mosquitoes.","possible_causes":[],"treatment_overview":[],"medical_scientific_name":"Zika virus congenital syndrome","basic_treatment_steps":["Use insect repellent","Wear clothes that cover your arms, legs, and feet","Stay in places that have air conditioning or that use window and door screens"],"first_aid_steps":[],"symptoms":[],"keywords":["zika","virus","epidemic","zikavirus","zika virus","epidemic diseases","epidemic_diseases"],"references":[{"title":"MedlinePlus – Zika Virus","url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/zikavirus.html"},{"title":"CDC – Zika virus congenital syndrome","url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Zika%20virus%20congenital%20syndrome"},{"title":"WHO health topics","url":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/"},{"title":"NLM ClinVar – Zika virus congenital syndrome","url":"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/clinvar\/?term=Zika%20virus%20congenital%20syndrome"},{"title":"PubMed – Zika virus congenital syndrome","url":"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Zika%20virus%20congenital%20syndrome"}],"source":"database","source_url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/zikavirus.html","source_label":"MedlinePlus – Zika Virus"},{"id":"epidemic-diseases-chikungunya","category":"epidemic_diseases","category_label":"Epidemic diseases","title":"Chikungunya","answer":"Chikungunya is a virus that spread by the same kinds of mosquitoes that spread dengue and Zika virus. Rarely, the virus can spread from the pregnant  parent to their newborn around the time of birth. It may also spread through contact with infected blood. There have been outbreaks of chikungunya virus in Africa, Asia, Europe, the Indian and Pacific Oceans, the Caribbean, and Central and South America.","detailed_information":"Chikungunya is a virus that spread by the same kinds of mosquitoes that spread dengue and Zika virus. Rarely, the virus can spread from the pregnant  parent to their newborn around the time of birth. It may also spread through contact with infected blood. There have been outbreaks of chikungunya virus in Africa, Asia, Europe, the Indian and Pacific Oceans, the Caribbean, and Central and South America.\nMost people who have chikungunya will have symptoms, which can be severe. They usually start 3-7 days after being bitten by an infected mosquito. The most common symptoms are fever and joint pain. Other symptoms may include headache, muscle pain, joint swelling, and rash.\nMost people feel better within a week. In some cases, however, the joint pain may last for months. People at risk for more severe disease include newborns, older adults, and people with diseases such as high blood pressure, diabetes, or heart disease.\nA blood test can show whether you have chikungunya virus. There are no medicines to treat it. Drinking lots of fluids, resting, and taking non-aspirin pain relievers might help you feel better.","layman_term":"Chikungunya is a virus that spread by the same kinds of mosquitoes that spread dengue and Zika virus.","possible_causes":[],"treatment_overview":[],"medical_scientific_name":"Chikungunya fever","basic_treatment_steps":["Use a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-registered insect repellent when you go outdoors. Make sure to follow the instructions for using the repellant.","Wear clothes that cover your arms, legs, and feet.","Stay in places that either have air conditioning (with the windows closed) or that use window and door screens."],"first_aid_steps":[],"symptoms":[],"keywords":["chikungunya","epidemic","epidemic diseases","epidemic_diseases"],"references":[{"title":"MedlinePlus – Chikungunya","url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/chikungunya.html"},{"title":"CDC – Chikungunya fever","url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Chikungunya%20fever"},{"title":"WHO health topics","url":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/"},{"title":"NLM ClinVar – Chikungunya fever","url":"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/clinvar\/?term=Chikungunya%20fever"},{"title":"PubMed – Chikungunya fever","url":"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Chikungunya%20fever"}],"source":"database","source_url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/chikungunya.html","source_label":"MedlinePlus – Chikungunya"},{"id":"epidemic-diseases-yellow-fever","category":"epidemic_diseases","category_label":"Epidemic diseases","title":"Yellow Fever","answer":"Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) are a group of illnesses caused by four families of viruses. These include the Ebola and Marburg, Lassa fever, and yellow fever viruses. VHFs have common features: they affect many organs, they damage the blood vessels, and they affect the body's ability to regulate itself. Some VHFs cause mild disease, but some, like Ebola or Marburg, cause severe disease and death.","detailed_information":"Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) are a group of illnesses caused by four families of viruses. These include the Ebola and Marburg, Lassa fever, and yellow fever viruses. VHFs have common features: they affect many organs, they damage the blood vessels, and they affect the body's ability to regulate itself. Some VHFs cause mild disease, but some, like Ebola or Marburg, cause severe disease and death.\nVHFs are found around the world. Specific diseases are usually limited to areas where the animals that carry them live. For example, Lassa fever is limited to rural areas of West Africa where rats and mice carry the virus.\nThe risk for travelers is low, but you should avoid visiting areas where there are disease outbreaks. Because there are no effective treatments for some of these viral infections, there is concern about their use in bioterrorism.","layman_term":"Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) are a group of illnesses caused by four families of viruses.","possible_causes":[],"treatment_overview":[],"medical_scientific_name":"Yellow fever","basic_treatment_steps":[],"first_aid_steps":[],"symptoms":[],"keywords":["yellow","fever","epidemic","yellowfever","yellow fever","epidemic diseases","epidemic_diseases"],"references":[{"title":"MedlinePlus – Hemorrhagic Fevers","url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/hemorrhagicfevers.html"},{"title":"CDC – Yellow fever","url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Yellow%20fever"},{"title":"WHO health topics","url":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/"},{"title":"NLM ClinVar – Yellow fever","url":"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/clinvar\/?term=Yellow%20fever"},{"title":"PubMed – Yellow fever","url":"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Yellow%20fever"}],"source":"database","source_url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/hemorrhagicfevers.html","source_label":"MedlinePlus – Hemorrhagic Fevers"},{"id":"epidemic-diseases-ebola-virus-disease","category":"epidemic_diseases","category_label":"Epidemic diseases","title":"Ebola Virus Disease","answer":"How does Ebola spread?Researchers believe that the virus first spreads from an infected animal to a human. Ebola can then spread from human to human through direct contact with:","detailed_information":"N\/A","layman_term":"How does Ebola spread?Researchers believe that the virus first spreads from an infected animal to a human.","possible_causes":[],"treatment_overview":[],"medical_scientific_name":"N\/A","basic_treatment_steps":["If you live in or plan to travel to a region where Ebola virus may be present, you can help protect yourself by avoiding contact with:","Blood and body fluids of people who are sick","Semen from a man who has recovered from Ebola, until testing shows that the virus is gone from his semen","Items that could be contaminated with blood or body fluids from someone who has Ebola","Bats, forest antelopes, and nonhuman primates (such as monkeys and chimpanzees), including their blood, fluids, or meat"],"first_aid_steps":[],"symptoms":["Fever","Headache","Joint and muscle aches","Weakness and fatigue","Sore throat","Gastrointestinal symptoms including abdominal (belly) pain, diarrhea, and vomiting","Loss of appetite","Unexplained bleeding or bruising","Other symptoms may include a rash, red eyes, and hiccups."],"keywords":["ebola","virus","disease","epidemic","ebolavirusdisease","ebola virus disease","epidemic diseases","epidemic_diseases"],"references":[{"title":"MedlinePlus – Ebola","url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/ebola.html"},{"title":"CDC – Ebola Virus Disease","url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Ebola%20Virus%20Disease"},{"title":"WHO health topics","url":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/"},{"title":"PubMed – Ebola Virus Disease","url":"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Ebola%20Virus%20Disease"}],"source":"database","source_url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/ebola.html","source_label":"MedlinePlus – Ebola"},{"id":"epidemic-diseases-marburg-virus","category":"epidemic_diseases","category_label":"Epidemic diseases","title":"Marburg Virus","answer":"N\/A","detailed_information":"N\/A","layman_term":"N\/A","possible_causes":[],"treatment_overview":[],"medical_scientific_name":"Marburg virus disease","basic_treatment_steps":[],"first_aid_steps":[],"symptoms":[],"keywords":["marburg","virus","epidemic","marburgvirus","marburg virus","epidemic diseases","epidemic_diseases"],"references":[{"title":"CDC – Marburg virus disease","url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Marburg%20virus%20disease"},{"title":"WHO health topics","url":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/"},{"title":"NLM ClinVar – Marburg virus disease","url":"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/clinvar\/?term=Marburg%20virus%20disease"},{"title":"PubMed – Marburg virus disease","url":"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Marburg%20virus%20disease"}],"source":"database","source_url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Marburg%20virus%20disease","source_label":"NLM ClinVar disease names"},{"id":"epidemic-diseases-mers-cov","category":"epidemic_diseases","category_label":"Epidemic diseases","title":"MERS-CoV","answer":"N\/A","detailed_information":"N\/A","layman_term":"N\/A","possible_causes":[],"treatment_overview":[],"medical_scientific_name":"N\/A","basic_treatment_steps":[],"first_aid_steps":[],"symptoms":[],"keywords":["mers","cov","epidemic","merscov","mers-cov","epidemic diseases","epidemic_diseases"],"references":[{"title":"CDC – MERS-CoV","url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=MERS-CoV"},{"title":"WHO health topics","url":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/"},{"title":"PubMed – MERS-CoV","url":"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=MERS-CoV"}],"source":"database","source_url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=MERS-CoV","source_label":"NIH \/ NLM medical references"},{"id":"epidemic-diseases-sars","category":"epidemic_diseases","category_label":"Epidemic diseases","title":"SARS","answer":"COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) is a disease caused by a virus called SARS-CoV-2. There are two types of tests for this virus:","detailed_information":"COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) is a disease caused by a virus called SARS-CoV-2. There are two types of tests for this virus:\n- A viral test tells you if you have a current infection. Viral tests can either be rapid tests or laboratory tests:\n- Rapid tests can be done in minutes. They are often antigen tests, which look for specific proteins from the virus. Some rapid tests are self-tests which you can do at home.\n- Laboratory tests can take days to complete and include PCR tests.\n- An antibody (serology) test might tell you if you had a past infection.\nIf you need a COVID-19 test, you can:\n- Buy a self-test online or at a store. Make sure that the test you buy has been authorized by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).\n- Check your state or local health department's website for information on testing in your area.\n- Contact your health care provider.\nEven if your COVID-19 viral test is negative (the test did not detect the virus), you should still take steps to protect yourself and others.","layman_term":"COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) is a disease caused by a virus called SARS-CoV-2.","possible_causes":[],"treatment_overview":[],"medical_scientific_name":"Severe SARS-CoV-2 infection","basic_treatment_steps":[],"first_aid_steps":[],"symptoms":[],"keywords":["sars","epidemic","epidemic diseases","epidemic_diseases"],"references":[{"title":"MedlinePlus – COVID-19 Testing","url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/covid19testing.html"},{"title":"CDC – Severe SARS-CoV-2 infection","url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Severe%20SARS-CoV-2%20infection"},{"title":"WHO health topics","url":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/"},{"title":"NLM ClinVar – Severe SARS-CoV-2 infection","url":"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/clinvar\/?term=Severe%20SARS-CoV-2%20infection"},{"title":"PubMed – Severe SARS-CoV-2 infection","url":"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Severe%20SARS-CoV-2%20infection"}],"source":"database","source_url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/covid19testing.html","source_label":"MedlinePlus – COVID-19 Testing"},{"id":"epidemic-diseases-nipah-virus","category":"epidemic_diseases","category_label":"Epidemic diseases","title":"Nipah Virus","answer":"N\/A","detailed_information":"N\/A","layman_term":"N\/A","possible_causes":[],"treatment_overview":[],"medical_scientific_name":"Nipah virus disease","basic_treatment_steps":[],"first_aid_steps":[],"symptoms":[],"keywords":["nipah","virus","epidemic","nipahvirus","nipah virus","epidemic diseases","epidemic_diseases"],"references":[{"title":"CDC – Nipah virus disease","url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Nipah%20virus%20disease"},{"title":"WHO health topics","url":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/"},{"title":"NLM ClinVar – Nipah virus disease","url":"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/clinvar\/?term=Nipah%20virus%20disease"},{"title":"PubMed – Nipah virus disease","url":"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Nipah%20virus%20disease"}],"source":"database","source_url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Nipah%20virus%20disease","source_label":"NLM ClinVar disease names"},{"id":"epidemic-diseases-hand-foot-mouth-disease","category":"epidemic_diseases","category_label":"Epidemic diseases","title":"Hand Foot Mouth Disease","answer":"What are viruses?Viruses are very tiny germs. They are made of genetic material (either DNA or RNA) inside of a protein coating. There are a huge number of viruses on earth. Only a small number of them can infect humans. Those viruses can infect our cells, which may cause disease. Some of the diseases that viruses can cause include the common cold, the flu, COVID-19, and HIV. How are viruses spread?Viruses can be spread in different ways: - Through droplets and particles that are breathed out by someone who has the infection. You might breathe in the droplets or particles, or they could land on your mouth, nose, or eyes. - By touching surfaces or objects that have the virus on them and then touching your mouth, nose, or eyes. - From the pregnant parent to the baby during pregnancy. - Through contaminated food or water. - By being bitten by an infected insect or animal. - Through sexual contact (usually vaginal, anal and oral sex) with someone who has the infection. How do viruses cause disease?Viruses are like hijackers. They invade living, normal cells. They then use those cells to multiply (make copies of themselves). This process is also called replication. The process can kill, damage, or change the infected cells. Sometimes this can make you sick. The symptoms can range from mild to very severe. Other times, your immune system may be able to fight it off and you may not have any symptoms. Each different virus usually only infects one type of cell in your body. For example, hepatitis viruses affect the cells in the liver. HIV infects a certain type of immune system cell. What are the treatments for viral infections?For most viral infections, treatments can only help with symptoms while you wait for your immune system to fight off the virus. There are antiviral medicines to treat some viral infections. Antibiotics do not work for viral infections. Can viral infections be prevented?Vaccines can help prevent you from getting many viral diseases. You may be able to prevent some viral infections by: - Proper hand washing. - Paying attention to food safety. - Cleaning surfaces that may be infected with germs. - Avoiding contact with wild animals. - Preventing insect bites by using insect repellent when you go outdoors. If you travel to an area that has a high risk of diseases from insect bites, also wear long pants, shirts, and socks. - Practicing safe sex (using a condom every time you have anal, vaginal, or oral sex). - Avoiding close contact with people who are sick.","detailed_information":"What are viruses?Viruses are very tiny germs. They are made of genetic material (either DNA  or RNA) inside of a protein coating. There are a huge number of viruses on earth. Only a small number of them can infect humans. Those viruses can infect our cells, which may cause disease. Some of the diseases that viruses can cause include the common cold, the flu, COVID-19, and HIV.","layman_term":"What are viruses?Viruses are very tiny germs.","possible_causes":[],"treatment_overview":["Through droplets and particles that are breathed out by someone who has the infection. You might breathe in the droplets or particles, or they could land on your mouth, nose, or eyes.","By touching surfaces or objects that have the virus on them and then touching your mouth, nose, or eyes.","From the pregnant parent to the baby during pregnancy.","Through contaminated food or water.","By being bitten by an infected insect or animal.","Through sexual contact (usually vaginal, anal and oral sex) with someone who has the infection.","Each different virus usually only infects one type of cell in your body. For example, hepatitis viruses affect the cells in the liver. HIV infects a certain type of immune system cell."],"medical_scientific_name":"N\/A","basic_treatment_steps":["Proper hand washing.","Paying attention to food safety.","Cleaning surfaces that may be infected with germs.","Avoiding contact with wild animals.","Practicing safe sex (using a condom every time you have anal, vaginal, or oral sex).","Avoiding close contact with people who are sick."],"first_aid_steps":[],"symptoms":[],"keywords":["hand","foot","mouth","disease","epidemic","handfootmouthdisease","hand foot mouth disease","epidemic diseases","epidemic_diseases"],"references":[{"title":"MedlinePlus – Viral Infections","url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/viralinfections.html"},{"title":"CDC – Hand Foot Mouth Disease","url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Hand%20Foot%20Mouth%20Disease"},{"title":"WHO health topics","url":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/"},{"title":"PubMed – Hand Foot Mouth Disease","url":"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Hand%20Foot%20Mouth%20Disease"}],"source":"database","source_url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/viralinfections.html","source_label":"MedlinePlus – Viral Infections"},{"id":"epidemic-diseases-scarlet-fever","category":"epidemic_diseases","category_label":"Epidemic diseases","title":"Scarlet Fever","answer":"Strep is short for Streptococcus, a type of bacteria. There are several types. Two of them cause most of the strep infections in people: group A and group B.","detailed_information":"Strep is short for Streptococcus, a type of bacteria. There are several types. Two of them cause most of the strep infections in people: group A and group B.\nGroup A strep causes:\n- Strep throat - a sore, red throat. Your tonsils may be swollen and have white spots on them.\n- Scarlet fever - an illness that follows strep throat. It causes a red rash on the body.\n- Impetigo - a skin infection\n- Toxic shock syndrome\n- Cellulitis and necrotizing fasciitis (flesh-eating disease)\nGroup B strep can cause blood infections, pneumonia and meningitis in newborns. A screening test during pregnancy can tell if you have it. If you do, intravenous (IV) antibiotics during labor can save your baby's life.  Adults can also get group B strep infections, especially if they are 65 or older or already have health problems. Strep B can cause urinary tract infections, blood infections, skin infections and pneumonia in adults.\nAntibiotics are used to treat strep infections.","layman_term":"Strep is short for Streptococcus, a type of bacteria.","possible_causes":[],"treatment_overview":[],"medical_scientific_name":"Scarlet fever","basic_treatment_steps":[],"first_aid_steps":[],"symptoms":[],"keywords":["scarlet","fever","epidemic","scarletfever","scarlet fever","epidemic diseases","epidemic_diseases"],"references":[{"title":"MedlinePlus – Streptococcal Infections","url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/streptococcalinfections.html"},{"title":"CDC – Scarlet fever","url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Scarlet%20fever"},{"title":"WHO health topics","url":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/"},{"title":"NLM ClinVar – Scarlet fever","url":"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/clinvar\/?term=Scarlet%20fever"},{"title":"PubMed – Scarlet fever","url":"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Scarlet%20fever"}],"source":"database","source_url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/streptococcalinfections.html","source_label":"MedlinePlus – Streptococcal Infections"},{"id":"epidemic-diseases-strep-throat-outbreak","category":"epidemic_diseases","category_label":"Epidemic diseases","title":"Strep Throat Outbreak","answer":"N\/A","detailed_information":"N\/A","layman_term":"N\/A","possible_causes":[],"treatment_overview":[],"medical_scientific_name":"N\/A","basic_treatment_steps":[],"first_aid_steps":[],"symptoms":[],"keywords":["strep","throat","outbreak","epidemic","strepthroatoutbreak","strep throat outbreak","epidemic diseases","epidemic_diseases"],"references":[{"title":"CDC – Strep Throat Outbreak","url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Strep%20Throat%20Outbreak"},{"title":"WHO health topics","url":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/"},{"title":"PubMed – Strep Throat Outbreak","url":"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Strep%20Throat%20Outbreak"}],"source":"database","source_url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Strep%20Throat%20Outbreak","source_label":"NIH \/ NLM medical references"},{"id":"epidemic-diseases-meningococcal-disease","category":"epidemic_diseases","category_label":"Epidemic diseases","title":"Meningococcal Disease","answer":"What is meningococcal disease?Meningococcal disease is the name for any illness that is caused by Neisseria meningitidis bacteria (also called meningococcal bacteria). These illnesses are often severe and can sometimes be deadly. They include infections of the lining of the brain and spinal cord (meningitis) and in the bloodstream (sepsis). Vaccines can help prevent the disease.","detailed_information":"N\/A","layman_term":"What is meningococcal disease?Meningococcal disease is the name for any illness that is caused by Neisseria meningitidis bacteria (also called meningococcal bacteria).","possible_causes":["The bacteria can spread from person to person through saliva (spit). It usually happens through close or lengthy contact with a person who has it. Close contact can include things like kissing and coughing.","You cannot catch the bacteria through casual contact with someone who has the disease. For example, you cannot get it by breathing air where that person has been.","Also, certain groups of people are more likely to get the disease. They include:","Children younger than 1 year old.","Teens and young adults ages 16 through 23 years old.","Adults 65 years and older.","People with medical conditions that weaken their immune system, including those with HIV and certain rare immune system diseases.","People who either don't have a spleen or have a spleen that does not function well.","People who take complement inhibitor. These are immunotherapy medicines that are given to people with certain rare conditions.","People who live in crowded settings, such as college dorms or military barracks.","People who travel to areas where the disease is more common, such as certain parts of sub-Saharan Africa."],"treatment_overview":[],"medical_scientific_name":"Recurrent meningococcal disease","basic_treatment_steps":["All preteens and teens","Children at higher risk for meningococcal disease","Adults at higher risk for meningococcal disease"],"first_aid_steps":[],"symptoms":["Meningococcal meningitis is a meningococcal infection of the lining of the brain and spinal cord. The most common symptoms include:","Fever","Headache","Stiff neck","It can also cause symptoms such as:","Nausea and vomiting","Photophobia (your eyes being more sensitive to light)","Confusion","It may be hard to notice these symptoms in newborns and babies. They can also have different symptoms. They may:","Be slow or inactive","Be irritable","Vomit"],"keywords":["meningococcal","disease","epidemic","meningococcaldisease","meningococcal disease","epidemic diseases","epidemic_diseases"],"references":[{"title":"MedlinePlus – Meningococcal Disease","url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/meningococcaldisease.html"},{"title":"CDC – Recurrent meningococcal disease","url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Recurrent%20meningococcal%20disease"},{"title":"WHO health topics","url":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/"},{"title":"NLM ClinVar – Recurrent meningococcal disease","url":"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/clinvar\/?term=Recurrent%20meningococcal%20disease"},{"title":"PubMed – Recurrent meningococcal disease","url":"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Recurrent%20meningococcal%20disease"}],"source":"database","source_url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/meningococcaldisease.html","source_label":"MedlinePlus – Meningococcal Disease"},{"id":"epidemic-diseases-legionnaires-disease","category":"epidemic_diseases","category_label":"Epidemic diseases","title":"Legionnaires Disease","answer":"What is Legionnaires' Disease? Legionnaires' disease is a serious type of pneumonia caused by Legionella bacteria. The disease got its name when a group of people at an American Legion convention became ill with this type of pneumonia. Legionella is found naturally in freshwater, such as lakes and rivers. It can also be found in soil. But people usually only get sick from it when if it grows and spreads in man-made water systems. These systems can include hot tubs, fountains, and the plumbing systems of large buildings, such as hotels or nursing homes. Legionella can also cause Pontiac fever. This is a milder, flu-like illness that doesn't infect your lungs.","detailed_information":"N\/A","layman_term":"What is Legionnaires' Disease? Legionnaires' disease is a serious type of pneumonia caused by Legionella bacteria.","possible_causes":["Who is more likely to develop Legionnaires' disease?Most healthy people who come in contact with the bacteria do not become sick. You are more likely to develop an infection if you:","Are over the age of 50","Are a current or former smoker","Have a chronic (long-lasting) disease such as diabetes or kidney failure","Have a chronic lung disease such as COPD or emphysema","Have a weakened immune system due to a disease such as HIV or cancer or are taking medicines that suppress your immune system","Live in a long-term care facility","Have recently stayed in a hospital or had surgery requiring anesthesia"],"treatment_overview":[],"medical_scientific_name":"N\/A","basic_treatment_steps":["Clean all your water-related devices regularly. This could include portable humidifiers, water heaters, air conditioners, and nasal rinses.","If you haven't used your faucets and showerheads for a week or more, flush them by letting the hot and cold faucets run for at least two minutes before use.","Avoid exposure to water sources such as decorative foundations or hot tubs if you don't know how well they are maintained.","Use windshield cleaner in your wiper fluid tank in your car instead of water.","Ask about how well your buildings' water systems are maintained."],"first_aid_steps":[],"symptoms":["Cough","High fever","Chills","Headache","Chest pain","Shortness of breath","Fatigue","Nausea and vomiting","Diarrhea","Confusion","What other problems can Legionnaires' disease cause?Legionnaires' disease can cause life-threatening complications such as respiratory failure, kidney failure, and sepsis.","About 1 out of every 10 people who get sick with Legionnaires' disease will die from complications of the illness."],"keywords":["legionnaires","disease","epidemic","legionnairesdisease","legionnaires disease","epidemic diseases","epidemic_diseases"],"references":[{"title":"MedlinePlus – Legionnaires' Disease","url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/legionnairesdisease.html"},{"title":"CDC – Legionnaires Disease","url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Legionnaires%20Disease"},{"title":"WHO health topics","url":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/"},{"title":"PubMed – Legionnaires Disease","url":"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Legionnaires%20Disease"}],"source":"database","source_url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/legionnairesdisease.html","source_label":"MedlinePlus – Legionnaires' Disease"},{"id":"epidemic-diseases-tuberculosis-outbreak","category":"epidemic_diseases","category_label":"Epidemic diseases","title":"Tuberculosis Outbreak","answer":"N\/A","detailed_information":"N\/A","layman_term":"N\/A","possible_causes":[],"treatment_overview":[],"medical_scientific_name":"N\/A","basic_treatment_steps":[],"first_aid_steps":[],"symptoms":[],"keywords":["tuberculosis","outbreak","epidemic","tuberculosisoutbreak","tuberculosis outbreak","epidemic diseases","epidemic_diseases"],"references":[{"title":"CDC – Tuberculosis Outbreak","url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Tuberculosis%20Outbreak"},{"title":"WHO health topics","url":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/"},{"title":"PubMed – Tuberculosis Outbreak","url":"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Tuberculosis%20Outbreak"}],"source":"database","source_url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Tuberculosis%20Outbreak","source_label":"NIH \/ NLM medical references"},{"id":"epidemic-diseases-leptospirosis-outbreak","category":"epidemic_diseases","category_label":"Epidemic diseases","title":"Leptospirosis Outbreak","answer":"N\/A","detailed_information":"N\/A","layman_term":"N\/A","possible_causes":[],"treatment_overview":[],"medical_scientific_name":"N\/A","basic_treatment_steps":[],"first_aid_steps":[],"symptoms":[],"keywords":["leptospirosis","outbreak","epidemic","leptospirosisoutbreak","leptospirosis outbreak","epidemic diseases","epidemic_diseases"],"references":[{"title":"CDC – Leptospirosis Outbreak","url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Leptospirosis%20Outbreak"},{"title":"WHO health topics","url":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/"},{"title":"PubMed – Leptospirosis Outbreak","url":"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Leptospirosis%20Outbreak"}],"source":"database","source_url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Leptospirosis%20Outbreak","source_label":"NIH \/ NLM medical references"},{"id":"epidemic-diseases-cryptosporidiosis","category":"epidemic_diseases","category_label":"Epidemic diseases","title":"Cryptosporidiosis","answer":"What is cryptosporidiosis? Cryptosporidiosis is a contagious disease that causes watery diarrhea. It is caused by parasites called Cryptosporidium, or Crypto . These parasites live in soil, food, and water. They are found in every region of the United States and throughout the world. Crypto can also be found on surfaces or dirty hands that have been contaminated with the stool (poop) of humans or animals that have the infection.","detailed_information":"N\/A","layman_term":"What is cryptosporidiosis? Cryptosporidiosis is a contagious disease that causes watery diarrhea.","possible_causes":[],"treatment_overview":["Who is more likely to get cryptosporidiosis?Certain people are more likely to get Crypto; they include:","Children and workers at childcare centers","Older adults (ages 75 years and older)","People who take care of other people with Crypto","International travelers"],"medical_scientific_name":"Cryptosporidiosis","basic_treatment_steps":["Who is more likely to get cryptosporidiosis?Certain people are more likely to get Crypto; they include:","Children and workers at childcare centers","Older adults (ages 75 years and older)","People who take care of other people with Crypto","International travelers"],"first_aid_steps":[],"symptoms":["Dehydration","Weight loss","Stomach cramps or pain","Fever","Nausea and vomiting","People with weakened immune systems may develop a serious, chronic illness. Some reasons why you might have a weakened immune system could include:","Having HIV","Having cancer","Having a genetic condition that affects the immune system","Taking certain medicines, such as chemotherapy and medicines needed after an organ transplant","Some people may not have any symptoms at all.","Contact your health care provider if you have watery diarrhea that lasts more than a few days, especially if you have a weakened immune system."],"keywords":["cryptosporidiosis","epidemic","epidemic diseases","epidemic_diseases"],"references":[{"title":"MedlinePlus – Cryptosporidiosis","url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/cryptosporidiosis.html"},{"title":"CDC – Cryptosporidiosis","url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Cryptosporidiosis"},{"title":"WHO health topics","url":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/"},{"title":"NLM ClinVar – Cryptosporidiosis","url":"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/clinvar\/?term=Cryptosporidiosis"},{"title":"PubMed – Cryptosporidiosis","url":"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Cryptosporidiosis"}],"source":"database","source_url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/cryptosporidiosis.html","source_label":"MedlinePlus – Cryptosporidiosis"},{"id":"epidemic-diseases-salmonellosis-outbreak","category":"epidemic_diseases","category_label":"Epidemic diseases","title":"Salmonellosis Outbreak","answer":"N\/A","detailed_information":"N\/A","layman_term":"N\/A","possible_causes":[],"treatment_overview":[],"medical_scientific_name":"N\/A","basic_treatment_steps":[],"first_aid_steps":[],"symptoms":[],"keywords":["salmonellosis","outbreak","epidemic","salmonellosisoutbreak","salmonellosis outbreak","epidemic diseases","epidemic_diseases"],"references":[{"title":"CDC – Salmonellosis Outbreak","url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Salmonellosis%20Outbreak"},{"title":"WHO health topics","url":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/"},{"title":"PubMed – Salmonellosis Outbreak","url":"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Salmonellosis%20Outbreak"}],"source":"database","source_url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Salmonellosis%20Outbreak","source_label":"NIH \/ NLM medical references"},{"id":"epidemic-diseases-e-coli-outbreak","category":"epidemic_diseases","category_label":"Epidemic diseases","title":"E. coli Outbreak","answer":"N\/A","detailed_information":"N\/A","layman_term":"N\/A","possible_causes":[],"treatment_overview":[],"medical_scientific_name":"N\/A","basic_treatment_steps":[],"first_aid_steps":[],"symptoms":[],"keywords":["coli","outbreak","epidemic","ecolioutbreak","e. coli outbreak","epidemic diseases","epidemic_diseases"],"references":[{"title":"CDC – E. coli Outbreak","url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=E.%20coli%20Outbreak"},{"title":"WHO health topics","url":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/"},{"title":"PubMed – E. coli Outbreak","url":"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=E.%20coli%20Outbreak"}],"source":"database","source_url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=E.%20coli%20Outbreak","source_label":"NIH \/ NLM medical references"},{"id":"epidemic-diseases-listeriosis","category":"epidemic_diseases","category_label":"Epidemic diseases","title":"Listeriosis","answer":"Listeriosis is a foodborne illness caused by Listeria monocytogenes, bacteria found in soil and water.  It can be in a variety of raw foods as well as in processed foods and foods made from unpasteurized milk. Listeria is unlike many other germs because it can grow even in the cold temperature of the refrigerator.","detailed_information":"Listeriosis is a foodborne illness caused by Listeria monocytogenes, bacteria found in soil and water.  It can be in a variety of raw foods as well as in processed foods and foods made from unpasteurized milk. Listeria is unlike many other germs because it can grow even in the cold temperature of the refrigerator.\nSymptoms include fever and chills, headache, upset stomach and vomiting. Treatment is with antibiotics.\nAnyone can get the illness. But it is most likely to affect pregnant women and unborn babies, older adults, and people with weak immune systems. To reduce your risk:\n- Use precooked and ready-to-eat foods as soon as you can\n- \tAvoid raw milk and raw milk products\n- \tHeat ready-to-eat foods and leftovers until they are steaming hot\n- \tWash fresh fruits and vegetables\n- \tAvoid rare meat and refrigerated smoked seafood","layman_term":"Listeriosis is a foodborne illness caused by Listeria monocytogenes, bacteria found in soil and water.","possible_causes":[],"treatment_overview":[],"medical_scientific_name":"Listeriosis","basic_treatment_steps":[],"first_aid_steps":[],"symptoms":[],"keywords":["listeriosis","epidemic","epidemic diseases","epidemic_diseases"],"references":[{"title":"MedlinePlus – Listeria Infections","url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/listeriainfections.html"},{"title":"CDC – Listeriosis","url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Listeriosis"},{"title":"WHO health topics","url":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/"},{"title":"NLM ClinVar – Listeriosis","url":"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/clinvar\/?term=Listeriosis"},{"title":"PubMed – Listeriosis","url":"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Listeriosis"}],"source":"database","source_url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/listeriainfections.html","source_label":"MedlinePlus – Listeria Infections"},{"id":"epidemic-diseases-campylobacteriosis","category":"epidemic_diseases","category_label":"Epidemic diseases","title":"Campylobacteriosis","answer":"N\/A","detailed_information":"N\/A","layman_term":"N\/A","possible_causes":[],"treatment_overview":[],"medical_scientific_name":"Campylobacteriosis","basic_treatment_steps":[],"first_aid_steps":[],"symptoms":[],"keywords":["campylobacteriosis","epidemic","epidemic diseases","epidemic_diseases"],"references":[{"title":"CDC – Campylobacteriosis","url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Campylobacteriosis"},{"title":"WHO health topics","url":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/"},{"title":"NLM ClinVar – Campylobacteriosis","url":"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/clinvar\/?term=Campylobacteriosis"},{"title":"PubMed – Campylobacteriosis","url":"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Campylobacteriosis"}],"source":"database","source_url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Campylobacteriosis","source_label":"NLM ClinVar disease names"},{"id":"epidemic-diseases-anthrax-cutaneous","category":"epidemic_diseases","category_label":"Epidemic diseases","title":"Anthrax Cutaneous","answer":"Anthrax is a disease caused by Bacillus anthracis, a germ that lives in soil. Many people know about it from the 2001 bioterror attacks. In the attacks, someone purposely spread anthrax through the U.S. mail. This killed five people and made 22 sick.","detailed_information":"Anthrax is a disease caused by Bacillus anthracis, a germ that lives in soil. Many people know about it from the 2001 bioterror attacks. In the attacks, someone purposely spread anthrax through the U.S. mail. This killed five people and made 22 sick.\nAnthrax is rare. It affects animals such as cattle, sheep, and goats more often than people. People can get anthrax from contact with infected animals, wool, meat, or hides. It can cause three forms of disease in people. They are:\n-  Cutaneous, which affects the skin. People with cuts or open sores can get it if they touch the bacteria.\n-  Inhalation, which affects the lungs. You can get this if you breathe in spores of the bacteria.\n-  Gastrointestinal, which affects the digestive system. You can get it by eating infected meat.","layman_term":"Anthrax is a disease caused by Bacillus anthracis, a germ that lives in soil.","possible_causes":[],"treatment_overview":[],"medical_scientific_name":"N\/A","basic_treatment_steps":[],"first_aid_steps":[],"symptoms":[],"keywords":["anthrax","cutaneous","epidemic","anthraxcutaneous","anthrax cutaneous","epidemic diseases","epidemic_diseases"],"references":[{"title":"MedlinePlus – Anthrax","url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/anthrax.html"},{"title":"CDC – Anthrax Cutaneous","url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Anthrax%20Cutaneous"},{"title":"WHO health topics","url":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/"},{"title":"PubMed – Anthrax Cutaneous","url":"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Anthrax%20Cutaneous"}],"source":"database","source_url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/anthrax.html","source_label":"MedlinePlus – Anthrax"},{"id":"epidemic-diseases-plague","category":"epidemic_diseases","category_label":"Epidemic diseases","title":"Plague","answer":"Plague is an infection caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. The bacteria are found mainly in rats and in the fleas that feed on them. People and other animals can get plague from rat or flea bites. In the past, plague destroyed entire civilizations. Today plague is uncommon, due to better living conditions and antibiotics.","detailed_information":"Plague is an infection caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. The bacteria are found mainly in rats and in the fleas that feed on them. People and other animals can get plague from rat or flea bites. In the past, plague destroyed entire civilizations. Today plague is uncommon, due to better living conditions and antibiotics.\nThere are three forms of plague:\n- Bubonic plague causes the tonsils, adenoids, spleen, and thymus to become inflamed.  Symptoms include fever, aches, chills, and tender lymph glands.\n- In septicemic plague, bacteria multiply in the blood. It causes fever, chills, shock, and bleeding under the skin or other organs.\n- Pneumonic plague is the most serious form. Bacteria enter the lungs and cause pneumonia. People with the infection can spread this form to others. This type could be a bioterror agent.\nLab tests can diagnose plague. Treatment is a strong antibiotic. There is no vaccine.","layman_term":"Plague is an infection caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis.","possible_causes":[],"treatment_overview":[],"medical_scientific_name":"Plague","basic_treatment_steps":[],"first_aid_steps":[],"symptoms":[],"keywords":["plague","epidemic","epidemic diseases","epidemic_diseases"],"references":[{"title":"MedlinePlus – Plague","url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/plague.html"},{"title":"CDC – Plague","url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Plague"},{"title":"WHO health topics","url":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/"},{"title":"NLM ClinVar – Plague","url":"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/clinvar\/?term=Plague"},{"title":"PubMed – Plague","url":"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Plague"}],"source":"database","source_url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/plague.html","source_label":"MedlinePlus – Plague"},{"id":"epidemic-diseases-tularemia","category":"epidemic_diseases","category_label":"Epidemic diseases","title":"Tularemia","answer":"Ticks are small parasites. They may look like insects, but they have eight legs and are related to spiders. Ticks feed on the blood of people and warm-blooded animals. There are many types of ticks in the United States, and they live in different parts of the country.","detailed_information":"What are ticks?Ticks are small parasites. They may look like insects, but they have eight legs and are related to spiders. Ticks feed on the blood of people and warm-blooded animals. There are many types of ticks in the United States, and they live in different parts of the country.\nTicks can be different colors and sizes. They can be light-colored, reddish brown, or dark brown. Some ticks are so small that they can be difficult to see. Ticks may get on you if you walk though areas where they live, such as tall grass, leaf litter or shrubs.\nWhy do I need to be worried about tick bites?If you spend time outdoors or have pets that go outdoors, you need to beware of ticks. When they bite, certain types of ticks can pass on germs that cause different diseases. Sometimes the symptoms can be mild. In other cases, you can have serious, long-lasting health problems. Some of the diseases you can get from a tick bite (called tickborne diseases) include:\n- Lyme disease\n- Alpha-gal syndrome (tick bite red meat allergy)\n- Babesiosis\n- Ehrlichiosis\n- Rocky Mountain spotted fever\n- Tularemia\nWhat happens if I get bitten by a tick?You may not feel it when a tick bites you. The tick can stay attached to your body for several days. If that tick is infected, it can pass along any germs to you once it starts sucking your blood. But if you catch it and remove it before it has filled up on your blood, you are less likely to get infected.\nHow do I remove a tick?If you find a tick attached to your skin, remove the tick as soon as you can. You could use a tick removal device or a fine-tipped tweezers:\n- Using the tweezers, grab the tick as close to your skin as possible.\n- Pull upward with steady, even pressure. Don't twist or jerk the tick. You want to remove the whole tick in one piece if you can. If the mouth-parts of the tick break off and stay in the skin, try to remove them. But if you can't remove them easily, then leave them.\n- Thoroughly clean the bite area and your hands with rubbing alcohol or soap and water.\nWhen do I need to contact my health care provider about a tick bite?Many tickborne diseases can have similar signs and symptoms. The most common are:\n- Fever\n- Chills\n- Aches and pains\n- Rash\nIf you develop any of these symptoms within several weeks of removing a tick, contact your provider.","layman_term":"Ticks are small parasites.","possible_causes":[],"treatment_overview":[],"medical_scientific_name":"Tularemia","basic_treatment_steps":["Avoid wooded, brushy, and grassy areas, especially during warmer months.","Wear insect repellent with DEET, picaridin or another U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-registered insect repellent.","Wear light-colored protective clothing.","Treat your clothing and gear with products containing 0.5% permethrin.","Tuck your pant legs into your socks and your shirt into your pants.","Remove your clothing after being outdoors. Check your clothing for ticks and remove any ticks that you find. Wash and dry your clothes at high temperatures.","Check yourself, your children, and your pets daily for ticks and carefully remove any ticks you find."],"first_aid_steps":[],"symptoms":[],"keywords":["tularemia","epidemic","epidemic diseases","epidemic_diseases"],"references":[{"title":"MedlinePlus – Tick Bites","url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/tickbites.html"},{"title":"CDC – Tularemia","url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Tularemia"},{"title":"WHO health topics","url":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/"},{"title":"NLM ClinVar – Tularemia","url":"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/clinvar\/?term=Tularemia"},{"title":"PubMed – Tularemia","url":"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Tularemia"}],"source":"database","source_url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/tickbites.html","source_label":"MedlinePlus – Tick Bites"},{"id":"epidemic-diseases-q-fever","category":"epidemic_diseases","category_label":"Epidemic diseases","title":"Q Fever","answer":"Bacteria are tiny organisms (living things) that have only one cell. Under a microscope, they look like balls, rods, or spirals. They can be found almost everywhere on Earth. There are lots of bacteria in and on your body. In fact, your body has about 10 times more bacteria cells than human cells.","detailed_information":"What are bacteria?Bacteria are tiny organisms (living things) that have only one cell. Under a microscope, they look like balls, rods, or spirals. They can be found almost everywhere on Earth. There are lots of bacteria in and on your body. In fact, your body has about 10 times more bacteria cells than human cells.\nThere are many different types of bacteria. Most types don't make you sick. Some types are helpful. For example, \"good\" bacteria in your digestive system can help your body digest food and absorb vitamins and minerals. They can help protect you from getting sick. Bacteria are also used in making foods like yogurt and cheese.\nBut some types of bacteria can cause an infection and make you sick. They are called infectious bacteria. These bacteria can reproduce quickly in your body. Many of them give off toxins (poisons) that can damage your cells and make you sick. Other types can move into and damage your tissues. A few examples of bacteria that cause infections include Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and E. coli.\nHow do bacterial infections spread?There are different ways that bacterial infections may spread:\n- Through droplets and particles that are breathed out by someone who has the infection. You might breathe in the droplets or particles, or they could land on your mouth, nose, or eyes.\n- By touching surfaces or objects that have the bacteria on them and then touching your mouth, nose, or eyes.\n- Through cuts, scrapes, and skin-to-skin contact with someone who has the infection.\n- From the pregnant parent to the baby during pregnancy.\n- Through contaminated food or water.\n- By being bitten by an infected insect or animal.\n- Through sexual contact (usually vaginal, anal and oral sex) with someone who has the infection.\nWhat are the treatments for bacterial infections?Sometimes your immune system may be able to fight off a bacterial infection. But when you do need treatment, it will be with antibiotics.\nantibiotic resistance","layman_term":"Bacteria are tiny organisms (living things) that have only one cell.","possible_causes":[],"treatment_overview":[],"medical_scientific_name":"Q fever","basic_treatment_steps":["Getting vaccines that protect against bacterial infections.","Having good hygiene habits. These include washing your hands often and covering your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing.","Paying attention to food safety.","Cleaning and disinfecting surfaces that your frequently touch.","Practicing safe sex. This means using a latex condom every time you have anal, vaginal, or oral sex. If your or your partner is allergic to latex, you can use polyurethane condoms.","Avoiding close contact with people who are sick."],"first_aid_steps":[],"symptoms":[],"keywords":["fever","epidemic","qfever","q fever","epidemic diseases","epidemic_diseases"],"references":[{"title":"MedlinePlus – Bacterial Infections","url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/bacterialinfections.html"},{"title":"CDC – Q fever","url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Q%20fever"},{"title":"WHO health topics","url":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/"},{"title":"NLM ClinVar – Q fever","url":"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/clinvar\/?term=Q%20fever"},{"title":"PubMed – Q fever","url":"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Q%20fever"}],"source":"database","source_url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/bacterialinfections.html","source_label":"MedlinePlus – Bacterial Infections"},{"id":"epidemic-diseases-brucellosis","category":"epidemic_diseases","category_label":"Epidemic diseases","title":"Brucellosis","answer":"N\/A","detailed_information":"N\/A","layman_term":"N\/A","possible_causes":[],"treatment_overview":[],"medical_scientific_name":"Brucellosis","basic_treatment_steps":[],"first_aid_steps":[],"symptoms":[],"keywords":["brucellosis","epidemic","epidemic diseases","epidemic_diseases"],"references":[{"title":"CDC – Brucellosis","url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Brucellosis"},{"title":"WHO health topics","url":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/"},{"title":"NLM ClinVar – Brucellosis","url":"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/clinvar\/?term=Brucellosis"},{"title":"PubMed – Brucellosis","url":"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Brucellosis"}],"source":"database","source_url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Brucellosis","source_label":"NLM ClinVar disease names"},{"id":"epidemic-diseases-rift-valley-fever","category":"epidemic_diseases","category_label":"Epidemic diseases","title":"Rift Valley Fever","answer":"N\/A","detailed_information":"N\/A","layman_term":"N\/A","possible_causes":[],"treatment_overview":[],"medical_scientific_name":"Rift valley fever","basic_treatment_steps":[],"first_aid_steps":[],"symptoms":[],"keywords":["rift","valley","fever","epidemic","riftvalleyfever","rift valley fever","epidemic diseases","epidemic_diseases"],"references":[{"title":"CDC – Rift valley fever","url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Rift%20valley%20fever"},{"title":"WHO health topics","url":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/"},{"title":"NLM ClinVar – Rift valley fever","url":"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/clinvar\/?term=Rift%20valley%20fever"},{"title":"PubMed – Rift valley fever","url":"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Rift%20valley%20fever"}],"source":"database","source_url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Rift%20valley%20fever","source_label":"NLM ClinVar disease names"},{"id":"epidemic-diseases-crimean-congo-hemorrhagic-fever","category":"epidemic_diseases","category_label":"Epidemic diseases","title":"Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever","answer":"N\/A","detailed_information":"N\/A","layman_term":"N\/A","possible_causes":[],"treatment_overview":[],"medical_scientific_name":"Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever","basic_treatment_steps":[],"first_aid_steps":[],"symptoms":[],"keywords":["crimean","congo","hemorrhagic","fever","epidemic","crimeancongohemorrhagicfever","crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever","epidemic diseases","epidemic_diseases"],"references":[{"title":"CDC – Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever","url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Crimean-Congo%20hemorrhagic%20fever"},{"title":"WHO health topics","url":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/"},{"title":"NLM ClinVar – Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever","url":"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/clinvar\/?term=Crimean-Congo%20hemorrhagic%20fever"},{"title":"PubMed – Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever","url":"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Crimean-Congo%20hemorrhagic%20fever"}],"source":"database","source_url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Crimean-Congo%20hemorrhagic%20fever","source_label":"NLM ClinVar disease names"},{"id":"epidemic-diseases-lassa-fever","category":"epidemic_diseases","category_label":"Epidemic diseases","title":"Lassa Fever","answer":"Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) are a group of illnesses caused by four families of viruses. These include the Ebola and Marburg, Lassa fever, and yellow fever viruses. VHFs have common features: they affect many organs, they damage the blood vessels, and they affect the body's ability to regulate itself. Some VHFs cause mild disease, but some, like Ebola or Marburg, cause severe disease and death.","detailed_information":"Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) are a group of illnesses caused by four families of viruses. These include the Ebola and Marburg, Lassa fever, and yellow fever viruses. VHFs have common features: they affect many organs, they damage the blood vessels, and they affect the body's ability to regulate itself. Some VHFs cause mild disease, but some, like Ebola or Marburg, cause severe disease and death.\nVHFs are found around the world. Specific diseases are usually limited to areas where the animals that carry them live. For example, Lassa fever is limited to rural areas of West Africa where rats and mice carry the virus.\nThe risk for travelers is low, but you should avoid visiting areas where there are disease outbreaks. Because there are no effective treatments for some of these viral infections, there is concern about their use in bioterrorism.","layman_term":"Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) are a group of illnesses caused by four families of viruses.","possible_causes":[],"treatment_overview":[],"medical_scientific_name":"Lassa fever","basic_treatment_steps":[],"first_aid_steps":[],"symptoms":[],"keywords":["lassa","fever","epidemic","lassafever","lassa fever","epidemic diseases","epidemic_diseases"],"references":[{"title":"MedlinePlus – Hemorrhagic Fevers","url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/hemorrhagicfevers.html"},{"title":"CDC – Lassa fever","url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Lassa%20fever"},{"title":"WHO health topics","url":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/"},{"title":"NLM ClinVar – Lassa fever","url":"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/clinvar\/?term=Lassa%20fever"},{"title":"PubMed – Lassa fever","url":"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Lassa%20fever"}],"source":"database","source_url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/hemorrhagicfevers.html","source_label":"MedlinePlus – Hemorrhagic Fevers"},{"id":"epidemic-diseases-hantavirus","category":"epidemic_diseases","category_label":"Epidemic diseases","title":"Hantavirus","answer":"Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a rare but deadly viral infection. It is spread by mice and rats. They shed the virus in their urine, droppings, and saliva. Tiny droplets with the virus can enter the air. People can get the disease if they breathe infected air or come into contact with rodents or their urine or droppings. You cannot catch it from people.","detailed_information":"Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a rare but deadly viral infection. It is spread by mice and rats. They shed the virus in their urine, droppings, and saliva. Tiny droplets with the virus can enter the air. People can get the disease if they breathe infected air or come into contact with rodents or their urine or droppings. You cannot catch it from people.","layman_term":"Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a rare but deadly viral infection.","possible_causes":[],"treatment_overview":[],"medical_scientific_name":"Hantavirus infectious disease","basic_treatment_steps":[],"first_aid_steps":[],"symptoms":["Fatigue","Fever","Muscle aches, especially in the thighs, hips and back","Headaches","Chills","Dizziness","Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or abdominal pain","Later symptoms include coughing and shortness of breath."],"keywords":["hantavirus","epidemic","epidemic diseases","epidemic_diseases"],"references":[{"title":"MedlinePlus – Hantavirus Infections","url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/hantavirusinfections.html"},{"title":"CDC – Hantavirus infectious disease","url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Hantavirus%20infectious%20disease"},{"title":"WHO health topics","url":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/"},{"title":"NLM ClinVar – Hantavirus infectious disease","url":"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/clinvar\/?term=Hantavirus%20infectious%20disease"},{"title":"PubMed – Hantavirus infectious disease","url":"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Hantavirus%20infectious%20disease"}],"source":"database","source_url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/hantavirusinfections.html","source_label":"MedlinePlus – Hantavirus Infections"},{"id":"epidemic-diseases-west-nile-virus","category":"epidemic_diseases","category_label":"Epidemic diseases","title":"West Nile Virus","answer":"How does West Nile Virus spread?WNV usually spreads to people through the bite of an infected mosquito. However, in rare cases, it can spread from person-to-person. This can happen through an organ transplant or blood transfusion. If you are preganant you can spread WNV to your fetus during pregnancy or delivery. And after delivery, it can spread to the baby during breastfeeding.","detailed_information":"N\/A","layman_term":"How does West Nile Virus spread?WNV usually spreads to people through the bite of an infected mosquito.","possible_causes":[],"treatment_overview":["Will do a physical exam","Will take your medical history, including asking about your symptoms","May order blood tests"],"medical_scientific_name":"West Nile virus, susceptibility to","basic_treatment_steps":["Wear insect repellent with DEET or another U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-registered insect repellent. Make sure to follow the instructions for using the repellent.","Wear long-sleeved shirts and pants if you're outside.","Get rid of mosquito breeding sites by emptying standing water from flowerpots, buckets, or barrels.","Stay indoors between dusk and dawn, when mosquitoes are most active.","Use screens on windows to keep mosquitoes out."],"first_aid_steps":[],"symptoms":["Fever","Headache","Body aches","Vomiting","Diarrhea","Skin rash","These symptoms usually go away on their own within a few days to several weeks. But some people will have weakness or fatigue that lasts for weeks or months.","Although rare, If West Nile virus enters your brain, it can be life-threatening. It may cause inflammation of the brain (encephalitis) or inflammation of the tissue that surrounds the brain and spinal cord (meningitis)."],"keywords":["west","nile","virus","epidemic","westnilevirus","west nile virus","epidemic diseases","epidemic_diseases"],"references":[{"title":"MedlinePlus – West Nile Virus","url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/westnilevirus.html"},{"title":"CDC – West Nile virus, susceptibility to","url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=West%20Nile%20virus%2C%20susceptibility%20to"},{"title":"WHO health topics","url":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/"},{"title":"NLM ClinVar – West Nile virus, susceptibility to","url":"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/clinvar\/?term=West%20Nile%20virus%2C%20susceptibility%20to"},{"title":"PubMed – West Nile virus, susceptibility to","url":"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=West%20Nile%20virus%2C%20susceptibility%20to"}],"source":"database","source_url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/westnilevirus.html","source_label":"MedlinePlus – West Nile Virus"},{"id":"epidemic-diseases-japanese-encephalitis","category":"epidemic_diseases","category_label":"Epidemic diseases","title":"Japanese Encephalitis","answer":"What is encephalitis? Encephalitis is inflammation (swelling) of the brain. It can happen when an infection or medical condition that affects the brain activates your immune system. The inflammation can cause a wide range of symptoms. In extreme cases, it can lead to brain damage, stroke, or even death.","detailed_information":"N\/A","layman_term":"What is encephalitis? Encephalitis is inflammation (swelling) of the brain.","possible_causes":["Infectious encephalitis is usually caused by a virus. In fact, viruses are the most common cause of encephalitis. Some of the different viruses that cause it include:","Herpes viruses, including herpes simplex (HSV), the Epstein-Barr virus (which causes infectious mononucleosis) and the varicella-zoster virus (which causes chickenpox).","Viruses you can get if you are bitten by an infected tick, such as tick-borne encephalitis (TBE virus) and Powassan virus.","Viruses you can get if you are bitten by an infected mosquito, such as eastern equine encephalitis virus, West Nile virus, and La Crosse virus.","Enteroviruses, which are a common group of viruses that mostly cause mild illness or respiratory infection. These infections usually happen in the summer and fall.","Bacteria, fungi, and parasites can also cause infectious encephalitis. But this is not common.","Autoimmune encephalitis happens when your immune system mistakenly attacks healthy brain cells. It can be triggered by conditions such as certain cancers, benign tumors, and infections. Sometimes the cause is not known.","Who is more likely to get encephalitis?Anyone can get encephalitis, but you are more likely to get it if you:","Are a young child or older adult.","Live in areas where there are ticks and mosquitoes that carry viruses that can cause encephalitis."],"treatment_overview":["Will do a physical exam","Will take your medical history, which includes asking about your symptoms","May do a neurologic exam","May order imaging tests, such as a brain CT scan or MRI","May order an EEG (electroencephalography), which use small electric sensors to measure your brain activity","May order blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tests","For some types of encephalitis, there is no medicine to treat it. But rest, nutrition, and fluids can help your body fight the infection and relieve symptoms.","Some people may need physical, speech, and occupational therapy once the illness is under control."],"medical_scientific_name":"Japanese encephalitis virus disease","basic_treatment_steps":["Use good hygiene, including washing your hands often with soap and water.","Don't share food, drinks, utensils, and glasses with other people.","Get vaccines for viruses that can cause encephalitis.","Avoid mosquito and tick bites, for example by:","Wearing insect repellent with DEET or another U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-registered insect repellent. Make sure to follow the instructions for using the repellant.","Wearing clothes that cover your arms, legs and feet.","Treating your clothing and gear with products containing 0.5% permethrin before you go in grassy or woody areas.","NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke"],"first_aid_steps":[],"symptoms":["Severe headache","Stiff neck","Vomiting","Seizures","Behavior changes","Drowsiness","Muscle weakness","Partial paralysis in your arms and legs","Coma","Encephalitis can be dangerous in infants. Their symptoms may include:","Fever","Lethargy (weakness or drowsiness)"],"keywords":["japanese","encephalitis","epidemic","japaneseencephalitis","japanese encephalitis","epidemic diseases","epidemic_diseases"],"references":[{"title":"MedlinePlus – Encephalitis","url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/encephalitis.html"},{"title":"CDC – Japanese encephalitis virus disease","url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Japanese%20encephalitis%20virus%20disease"},{"title":"WHO health topics","url":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/"},{"title":"NLM ClinVar – Japanese encephalitis virus disease","url":"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/clinvar\/?term=Japanese%20encephalitis%20virus%20disease"},{"title":"PubMed – Japanese encephalitis virus disease","url":"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Japanese%20encephalitis%20virus%20disease"}],"source":"database","source_url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/encephalitis.html","source_label":"MedlinePlus – Encephalitis"},{"id":"epidemic-diseases-rabies-outbreak","category":"epidemic_diseases","category_label":"Epidemic diseases","title":"Rabies Outbreak","answer":"N\/A","detailed_information":"N\/A","layman_term":"N\/A","possible_causes":[],"treatment_overview":[],"medical_scientific_name":"N\/A","basic_treatment_steps":[],"first_aid_steps":[],"symptoms":[],"keywords":["rabies","outbreak","epidemic","rabiesoutbreak","rabies outbreak","epidemic diseases","epidemic_diseases"],"references":[{"title":"CDC – Rabies Outbreak","url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Rabies%20Outbreak"},{"title":"WHO health topics","url":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/"},{"title":"PubMed – Rabies Outbreak","url":"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Rabies%20Outbreak"}],"source":"database","source_url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Rabies%20Outbreak","source_label":"NIH \/ NLM medical references"},{"id":"epidemic-diseases-monkeypox","category":"epidemic_diseases","category_label":"Epidemic diseases","title":"Monkeypox","answer":"Mpox can be spread between animals and people, but it's mainly spread through close contact with someone who has it. It is found regularly in parts of Central, Eastern and West Africa. The virus that causes it has been found in small rodents, monkeys, and other mammals that live in these areas.","detailed_information":"N\/A","layman_term":"Mpox can be spread between animals and people, but it's mainly spread through close contact with someone who has it.","possible_causes":[],"treatment_overview":["Will ask about your symptoms and medical history.","Will look at your rash.","Will take a sample of tissue from one of the sores so it can be tested for the monkeypox virus.","May do blood tests to check for monkeypox virus or for antibodies to the virus. Antibodies are proteins that your immune system makes to fight foreign substances such as viruses and bacteria.","What are the treatments for mpox?There are no treatments specifically for mpox, but many people get better on their own.","Have immune system, for example from HIV or other conditions","Are pregnant","Are children, especially those under age 1","Have certain active skin conditions that can cause widespread infection, such as eczema, impetigo, or psoriasis"],"medical_scientific_name":"N\/A","basic_treatment_steps":["The vaccine is recommended for people who are at risk of mpox, for example because they:","Had or think they could've had exposure to someone with mpox","Are a man who has sex with men, who in the last 6 months had:","One or more sexually transmitted infections (STIs)","More than one sexual partner","Sex at a commercial sex venue (like a sex club or bathhouse)","Sex at a large public event where people had spread mpox","Had a sex partner who is at risk of mpox","Expect to be in any of these situations","Are at risk of exposure at work, for example at a lab or healthcare facility","Will be traveling to an area where there is an outbreak and, while there, will likely have sex:","With a new partner"],"first_aid_steps":[],"symptoms":["Fever.","Chills.","Swollen lymph nodes (\"swollen glands\").","Exhaustion.","Headache.","Muscle aches and backache.","Respiratory symptoms, such as a sore throat, nasal congestion, or cough.","You may have all or only a few symptoms:","You may get a rash first, followed by other symptoms","You may have flu-like symptoms and then develop a rash 1-4 days later","You may only get a rash"],"keywords":["monkeypox","epidemic","epidemic diseases","epidemic_diseases"],"references":[{"title":"MedlinePlus – Mpox","url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/mpox.html"},{"title":"CDC – Monkeypox","url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Monkeypox"},{"title":"WHO health topics","url":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/"},{"title":"PubMed – Monkeypox","url":"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Monkeypox"}],"source":"database","source_url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/mpox.html","source_label":"MedlinePlus – Mpox"},{"id":"epidemic-diseases-mpox-clade-ii","category":"epidemic_diseases","category_label":"Epidemic diseases","title":"Mpox Clade II","answer":"Mpox can be spread between animals and people, but it's mainly spread through close contact with someone who has it. It is found regularly in parts of Central, Eastern and West Africa. The virus that causes it has been found in small rodents, monkeys, and other mammals that live in these areas.","detailed_information":"N\/A","layman_term":"Mpox can be spread between animals and people, but it's mainly spread through close contact with someone who has it.","possible_causes":[],"treatment_overview":["Will ask about your symptoms and medical history.","Will look at your rash.","Will take a sample of tissue from one of the sores so it can be tested for the monkeypox virus.","May do blood tests to check for monkeypox virus or for antibodies to the virus. Antibodies are proteins that your immune system makes to fight foreign substances such as viruses and bacteria.","What are the treatments for mpox?There are no treatments specifically for mpox, but many people get better on their own.","Have immune system, for example from HIV or other conditions","Are pregnant","Are children, especially those under age 1","Have certain active skin conditions that can cause widespread infection, such as eczema, impetigo, or psoriasis"],"medical_scientific_name":"N\/A","basic_treatment_steps":["The vaccine is recommended for people who are at risk of mpox, for example because they:","Had or think they could've had exposure to someone with mpox","Are a man who has sex with men, who in the last 6 months had:","One or more sexually transmitted infections (STIs)","More than one sexual partner","Sex at a commercial sex venue (like a sex club or bathhouse)","Sex at a large public event where people had spread mpox","Had a sex partner who is at risk of mpox","Expect to be in any of these situations","Are at risk of exposure at work, for example at a lab or healthcare facility","Will be traveling to an area where there is an outbreak and, while there, will likely have sex:","With a new partner"],"first_aid_steps":[],"symptoms":["Fever.","Chills.","Swollen lymph nodes (\"swollen glands\").","Exhaustion.","Headache.","Muscle aches and backache.","Respiratory symptoms, such as a sore throat, nasal congestion, or cough.","You may have all or only a few symptoms:","You may get a rash first, followed by other symptoms","You may have flu-like symptoms and then develop a rash 1-4 days later","You may only get a rash"],"keywords":["mpox","clade","epidemic","mpoxcladeii","mpox clade ii","epidemic diseases","epidemic_diseases"],"references":[{"title":"MedlinePlus – Mpox","url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/mpox.html"},{"title":"CDC – Mpox Clade II","url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Mpox%20Clade%20II"},{"title":"WHO health topics","url":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/"},{"title":"PubMed – Mpox Clade II","url":"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Mpox%20Clade%20II"}],"source":"database","source_url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/mpox.html","source_label":"MedlinePlus – Mpox"},{"id":"epidemic-diseases-influenza-avian-h5n1","category":"epidemic_diseases","category_label":"Epidemic diseases","title":"Influenza Avian H5N1","answer":"A few types of these viruses have caused most of the infections in people. They are the H5N1, H7N9, and H5N6 viruses. These infections in people have mainly been in Asia, Africa, Europe, the Pacific, and the Near East. Although it's very rare, there have also been some infections in people in the United States.","detailed_information":"N\/A","layman_term":"A few types of these viruses have caused most of the infections in people.","possible_causes":[],"treatment_overview":["For people who are severely ill, health care providers may do testing of a different sample, such as fluid taken during a bronchoalveolar lavage or other procedure."],"medical_scientific_name":"N\/A","basic_treatment_steps":["If you have a job or pastime that puts you in contact with birds or other animals, make sure to use proper protective equipment.","Otherwise try to avoid direct contact with wild birds and other animals.","Wash your hands with soap and water after touching birds or other animals.","Since it's possible to get bird flu through some foods, make sure to handle and cook your food safely and avoid raw milk."],"first_aid_steps":[],"symptoms":["Fever (but not everyone has a fever)","Cough","Sore throat","Runny or stuffy nose","Muscle or body aches","Fatigue","Headaches","Eye redness (conjunctivitis)","Trouble breathing","Diarrhea","People with severe illness from bird flu may have pneumonia and might need to be hospitalized."],"keywords":["influenza","avian","h5n1","epidemic","influenzaavianh5n1","influenza avian h5n1","epidemic diseases","epidemic_diseases"],"references":[{"title":"MedlinePlus – Bird Flu","url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/birdflu.html"},{"title":"CDC – Influenza Avian H5N1","url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Influenza%20Avian%20H5N1"},{"title":"WHO health topics","url":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/"},{"title":"PubMed – Influenza Avian H5N1","url":"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Influenza%20Avian%20H5N1"}],"source":"database","source_url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/birdflu.html","source_label":"MedlinePlus – Bird Flu"},{"id":"epidemic-diseases-swine-flu","category":"epidemic_diseases","category_label":"Epidemic diseases","title":"Swine Flu","answer":"Swine flu is an infection caused by a virus. It's named for a virus that pigs can get. People do not normally get swine flu, but human infections can and do happen.  In 2009 a strain of swine flu called H1N1 infected many people around the world.","detailed_information":"Swine flu is an infection caused by a virus. It's named for a virus that pigs can get. People do not normally get swine flu, but human infections can and do happen.  In 2009 a strain of swine flu called H1N1 infected many people around the world.","layman_term":"Swine flu is an infection caused by a virus.","possible_causes":[],"treatment_overview":[],"medical_scientific_name":"N\/A","basic_treatment_steps":["Covering your nose and mouth with a tissue when you cough or sneeze. Throw the tissue in the trash after you use it.","Washing your hands often with soap and water, especially after you cough or sneeze. You can also use alcohol-based hand cleaners.","Avoiding touching your eyes, nose or mouth. Germs spread this way.","Trying to avoid close contact with sick people.","Staying home from work or school if you are sick."],"first_aid_steps":[],"symptoms":[],"keywords":["swine","flu","epidemic","swineflu","swine flu","epidemic diseases","epidemic_diseases"],"references":[{"title":"MedlinePlus – H1N1 Flu (Swine Flu)","url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/h1n1fluswineflu.html"},{"title":"CDC – Swine Flu","url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Swine%20Flu"},{"title":"WHO health topics","url":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/"},{"title":"PubMed – Swine Flu","url":"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Swine%20Flu"}],"source":"database","source_url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/h1n1fluswineflu.html","source_label":"MedlinePlus – H1N1 Flu (Swine Flu)"},{"id":"epidemic-diseases-scabies-outbreak","category":"epidemic_diseases","category_label":"Epidemic diseases","title":"Scabies Outbreak","answer":"N\/A","detailed_information":"N\/A","layman_term":"N\/A","possible_causes":[],"treatment_overview":[],"medical_scientific_name":"N\/A","basic_treatment_steps":[],"first_aid_steps":[],"symptoms":[],"keywords":["scabies","outbreak","epidemic","scabiesoutbreak","scabies outbreak","epidemic diseases","epidemic_diseases"],"references":[{"title":"CDC – Scabies Outbreak","url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Scabies%20Outbreak"},{"title":"WHO health topics","url":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/"},{"title":"PubMed – Scabies Outbreak","url":"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Scabies%20Outbreak"}],"source":"database","source_url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Scabies%20Outbreak","source_label":"NIH \/ NLM medical references"},{"id":"epidemic-diseases-pinworm-outbreak","category":"epidemic_diseases","category_label":"Epidemic diseases","title":"Pinworm Outbreak","answer":"N\/A","detailed_information":"N\/A","layman_term":"N\/A","possible_causes":[],"treatment_overview":[],"medical_scientific_name":"N\/A","basic_treatment_steps":[],"first_aid_steps":[],"symptoms":[],"keywords":["pinworm","outbreak","epidemic","pinwormoutbreak","pinworm outbreak","epidemic diseases","epidemic_diseases"],"references":[{"title":"CDC – Pinworm Outbreak","url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Pinworm%20Outbreak"},{"title":"WHO health topics","url":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/"},{"title":"PubMed – Pinworm Outbreak","url":"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Pinworm%20Outbreak"}],"source":"database","source_url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Pinworm%20Outbreak","source_label":"NIH \/ NLM medical references"},{"id":"epidemic-diseases-head-lice-outbreak","category":"epidemic_diseases","category_label":"Epidemic diseases","title":"Head Lice Outbreak","answer":"N\/A","detailed_information":"N\/A","layman_term":"N\/A","possible_causes":[],"treatment_overview":[],"medical_scientific_name":"N\/A","basic_treatment_steps":[],"first_aid_steps":[],"symptoms":[],"keywords":["head","lice","outbreak","epidemic","headliceoutbreak","head lice outbreak","epidemic diseases","epidemic_diseases"],"references":[{"title":"CDC – Head Lice Outbreak","url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Head%20Lice%20Outbreak"},{"title":"WHO health topics","url":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/"},{"title":"PubMed – Head Lice Outbreak","url":"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Head%20Lice%20Outbreak"}],"source":"database","source_url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Head%20Lice%20Outbreak","source_label":"NIH \/ NLM medical references"},{"id":"epidemic-diseases-conjunctivitis-outbreak","category":"epidemic_diseases","category_label":"Epidemic diseases","title":"Conjunctivitis Outbreak","answer":"N\/A","detailed_information":"N\/A","layman_term":"N\/A","possible_causes":[],"treatment_overview":[],"medical_scientific_name":"N\/A","basic_treatment_steps":[],"first_aid_steps":[],"symptoms":[],"keywords":["conjunctivitis","outbreak","epidemic","conjunctivitisoutbreak","conjunctivitis outbreak","epidemic diseases","epidemic_diseases"],"references":[{"title":"CDC – Conjunctivitis Outbreak","url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Conjunctivitis%20Outbreak"},{"title":"WHO health topics","url":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/"},{"title":"PubMed – Conjunctivitis Outbreak","url":"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Conjunctivitis%20Outbreak"}],"source":"database","source_url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Conjunctivitis%20Outbreak","source_label":"NIH \/ NLM medical references"},{"id":"epidemic-diseases-adenovirus-respiratory","category":"epidemic_diseases","category_label":"Epidemic diseases","title":"Adenovirus Respiratory","answer":"N\/A","detailed_information":"N\/A","layman_term":"N\/A","possible_causes":[],"treatment_overview":[],"medical_scientific_name":"N\/A","basic_treatment_steps":[],"first_aid_steps":[],"symptoms":[],"keywords":["adenovirus","respiratory","epidemic","adenovirusrespiratory","adenovirus respiratory","epidemic diseases","epidemic_diseases"],"references":[{"title":"CDC – Adenovirus Respiratory","url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Adenovirus%20Respiratory"},{"title":"WHO health topics","url":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/"},{"title":"PubMed – Adenovirus Respiratory","url":"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Adenovirus%20Respiratory"}],"source":"database","source_url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Adenovirus%20Respiratory","source_label":"NIH \/ NLM medical references"},{"id":"epidemic-diseases-rsv-outbreak","category":"epidemic_diseases","category_label":"Epidemic diseases","title":"RSV Outbreak","answer":"N\/A","detailed_information":"N\/A","layman_term":"N\/A","possible_causes":[],"treatment_overview":[],"medical_scientific_name":"N\/A","basic_treatment_steps":[],"first_aid_steps":[],"symptoms":[],"keywords":["rsv","outbreak","epidemic","rsvoutbreak","rsv outbreak","epidemic diseases","epidemic_diseases"],"references":[{"title":"CDC – RSV Outbreak","url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=RSV%20Outbreak"},{"title":"WHO health topics","url":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/"},{"title":"PubMed – RSV Outbreak","url":"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=RSV%20Outbreak"}],"source":"database","source_url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=RSV%20Outbreak","source_label":"NIH \/ NLM medical references"},{"id":"epidemic-diseases-parainfluenza-outbreak","category":"epidemic_diseases","category_label":"Epidemic diseases","title":"Parainfluenza Outbreak","answer":"N\/A","detailed_information":"N\/A","layman_term":"N\/A","possible_causes":[],"treatment_overview":[],"medical_scientific_name":"N\/A","basic_treatment_steps":[],"first_aid_steps":[],"symptoms":[],"keywords":["parainfluenza","outbreak","epidemic","parainfluenzaoutbreak","parainfluenza outbreak","epidemic diseases","epidemic_diseases"],"references":[{"title":"CDC – Parainfluenza Outbreak","url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Parainfluenza%20Outbreak"},{"title":"WHO health topics","url":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/"},{"title":"PubMed – Parainfluenza Outbreak","url":"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Parainfluenza%20Outbreak"}],"source":"database","source_url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Parainfluenza%20Outbreak","source_label":"NIH \/ NLM medical references"},{"id":"epidemic-diseases-human-metapneumovirus","category":"epidemic_diseases","category_label":"Epidemic diseases","title":"Human Metapneumovirus","answer":"N\/A","detailed_information":"N\/A","layman_term":"N\/A","possible_causes":[],"treatment_overview":[],"medical_scientific_name":"N\/A","basic_treatment_steps":[],"first_aid_steps":[],"symptoms":[],"keywords":["human","metapneumovirus","epidemic","humanmetapneumovirus","human metapneumovirus","epidemic diseases","epidemic_diseases"],"references":[{"title":"CDC – Human Metapneumovirus","url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Human%20Metapneumovirus"},{"title":"WHO health topics","url":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/"},{"title":"PubMed – Human Metapneumovirus","url":"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Human%20Metapneumovirus"}],"source":"database","source_url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Human%20Metapneumovirus","source_label":"NIH \/ NLM medical references"},{"id":"epidemic-diseases-coronavirus-oc43","category":"epidemic_diseases","category_label":"Epidemic diseases","title":"Coronavirus OC43","answer":"N\/A","detailed_information":"N\/A","layman_term":"N\/A","possible_causes":[],"treatment_overview":[],"medical_scientific_name":"N\/A","basic_treatment_steps":[],"first_aid_steps":[],"symptoms":[],"keywords":["coronavirus","oc43","epidemic","coronavirusoc43","coronavirus oc43","epidemic diseases","epidemic_diseases"],"references":[{"title":"CDC – Coronavirus OC43","url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Coronavirus%20OC43"},{"title":"WHO health topics","url":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/"},{"title":"PubMed – Coronavirus OC43","url":"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Coronavirus%20OC43"}],"source":"database","source_url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Coronavirus%20OC43","source_label":"NIH \/ NLM medical references"},{"id":"epidemic-diseases-coronavirus-nl63","category":"epidemic_diseases","category_label":"Epidemic diseases","title":"Coronavirus NL63","answer":"N\/A","detailed_information":"N\/A","layman_term":"N\/A","possible_causes":[],"treatment_overview":[],"medical_scientific_name":"N\/A","basic_treatment_steps":[],"first_aid_steps":[],"symptoms":[],"keywords":["coronavirus","nl63","epidemic","coronavirusnl63","coronavirus nl63","epidemic diseases","epidemic_diseases"],"references":[{"title":"CDC – Coronavirus NL63","url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Coronavirus%20NL63"},{"title":"WHO health topics","url":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/"},{"title":"PubMed – Coronavirus NL63","url":"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Coronavirus%20NL63"}],"source":"database","source_url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Coronavirus%20NL63","source_label":"NIH \/ NLM medical references"},{"id":"epidemic-diseases-enterovirus-d68","category":"epidemic_diseases","category_label":"Epidemic diseases","title":"Enterovirus D68","answer":"What are viruses?Viruses are very tiny germs. They are made of genetic material (either DNA or RNA) inside of a protein coating. There are a huge number of viruses on earth. Only a small number of them can infect humans. Those viruses can infect our cells, which may cause disease. Some of the diseases that viruses can cause include the common cold, the flu, COVID-19, and HIV. How are viruses spread?Viruses can be spread in different ways: - Through droplets and particles that are breathed out by someone who has the infection. You might breathe in the droplets or particles, or they could land on your mouth, nose, or eyes. - By touching surfaces or objects that have the virus on them and then touching your mouth, nose, or eyes. - From the pregnant parent to the baby during pregnancy. - Through contaminated food or water. - By being bitten by an infected insect or animal. - Through sexual contact (usually vaginal, anal and oral sex) with someone who has the infection. How do viruses cause disease?Viruses are like hijackers. They invade living, normal cells. They then use those cells to multiply (make copies of themselves). This process is also called replication. The process can kill, damage, or change the infected cells. Sometimes this can make you sick. The symptoms can range from mild to very severe. Other times, your immune system may be able to fight it off and you may not have any symptoms. Each different virus usually only infects one type of cell in your body. For example, hepatitis viruses affect the cells in the liver. HIV infects a certain type of immune system cell. What are the treatments for viral infections?For most viral infections, treatments can only help with symptoms while you wait for your immune system to fight off the virus. There are antiviral medicines to treat some viral infections. Antibiotics do not work for viral infections. Can viral infections be prevented?Vaccines can help prevent you from getting many viral diseases. You may be able to prevent some viral infections by: - Proper hand washing. - Paying attention to food safety. - Cleaning surfaces that may be infected with germs. - Avoiding contact with wild animals. - Preventing insect bites by using insect repellent when you go outdoors. If you travel to an area that has a high risk of diseases from insect bites, also wear long pants, shirts, and socks. - Practicing safe sex (using a condom every time you have anal, vaginal, or oral sex). - Avoiding close contact with people who are sick.","detailed_information":"What are viruses?Viruses are very tiny germs. They are made of genetic material (either DNA  or RNA) inside of a protein coating. There are a huge number of viruses on earth. Only a small number of them can infect humans. Those viruses can infect our cells, which may cause disease. Some of the diseases that viruses can cause include the common cold, the flu, COVID-19, and HIV.","layman_term":"What are viruses?Viruses are very tiny germs.","possible_causes":[],"treatment_overview":["Through droplets and particles that are breathed out by someone who has the infection. You might breathe in the droplets or particles, or they could land on your mouth, nose, or eyes.","By touching surfaces or objects that have the virus on them and then touching your mouth, nose, or eyes.","From the pregnant parent to the baby during pregnancy.","Through contaminated food or water.","By being bitten by an infected insect or animal.","Through sexual contact (usually vaginal, anal and oral sex) with someone who has the infection.","Each different virus usually only infects one type of cell in your body. For example, hepatitis viruses affect the cells in the liver. HIV infects a certain type of immune system cell."],"medical_scientific_name":"N\/A","basic_treatment_steps":["Proper hand washing.","Paying attention to food safety.","Cleaning surfaces that may be infected with germs.","Avoiding contact with wild animals.","Practicing safe sex (using a condom every time you have anal, vaginal, or oral sex).","Avoiding close contact with people who are sick."],"first_aid_steps":[],"symptoms":[],"keywords":["enterovirus","d68","epidemic","enterovirusd68","enterovirus d68","epidemic diseases","epidemic_diseases"],"references":[{"title":"MedlinePlus – Viral Infections","url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/viralinfections.html"},{"title":"CDC – Enterovirus D68","url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Enterovirus%20D68"},{"title":"WHO health topics","url":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/"},{"title":"PubMed – Enterovirus D68","url":"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Enterovirus%20D68"}],"source":"database","source_url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/viralinfections.html","source_label":"MedlinePlus – Viral Infections"},{"id":"epidemic-diseases-coxsackievirus","category":"epidemic_diseases","category_label":"Epidemic diseases","title":"Coxsackievirus","answer":"What are viruses?Viruses are very tiny germs. They are made of genetic material (either DNA or RNA) inside of a protein coating. There are a huge number of viruses on earth. Only a small number of them can infect humans. Those viruses can infect our cells, which may cause disease. Some of the diseases that viruses can cause include the common cold, the flu, COVID-19, and HIV. How are viruses spread?Viruses can be spread in different ways: - Through droplets and particles that are breathed out by someone who has the infection. You might breathe in the droplets or particles, or they could land on your mouth, nose, or eyes. - By touching surfaces or objects that have the virus on them and then touching your mouth, nose, or eyes. - From the pregnant parent to the baby during pregnancy. - Through contaminated food or water. - By being bitten by an infected insect or animal. - Through sexual contact (usually vaginal, anal and oral sex) with someone who has the infection. How do viruses cause disease?Viruses are like hijackers. They invade living, normal cells. They then use those cells to multiply (make copies of themselves). This process is also called replication. The process can kill, damage, or change the infected cells. Sometimes this can make you sick. The symptoms can range from mild to very severe. Other times, your immune system may be able to fight it off and you may not have any symptoms. Each different virus usually only infects one type of cell in your body. For example, hepatitis viruses affect the cells in the liver. HIV infects a certain type of immune system cell. What are the treatments for viral infections?For most viral infections, treatments can only help with symptoms while you wait for your immune system to fight off the virus. There are antiviral medicines to treat some viral infections. Antibiotics do not work for viral infections. Can viral infections be prevented?Vaccines can help prevent you from getting many viral diseases. You may be able to prevent some viral infections by: - Proper hand washing. - Paying attention to food safety. - Cleaning surfaces that may be infected with germs. - Avoiding contact with wild animals. - Preventing insect bites by using insect repellent when you go outdoors. If you travel to an area that has a high risk of diseases from insect bites, also wear long pants, shirts, and socks. - Practicing safe sex (using a condom every time you have anal, vaginal, or oral sex). - Avoiding close contact with people who are sick.","detailed_information":"What are viruses?Viruses are very tiny germs. They are made of genetic material (either DNA  or RNA) inside of a protein coating. There are a huge number of viruses on earth. Only a small number of them can infect humans. Those viruses can infect our cells, which may cause disease. Some of the diseases that viruses can cause include the common cold, the flu, COVID-19, and HIV.","layman_term":"What are viruses?Viruses are very tiny germs.","possible_causes":[],"treatment_overview":["Through droplets and particles that are breathed out by someone who has the infection. You might breathe in the droplets or particles, or they could land on your mouth, nose, or eyes.","By touching surfaces or objects that have the virus on them and then touching your mouth, nose, or eyes.","From the pregnant parent to the baby during pregnancy.","Through contaminated food or water.","By being bitten by an infected insect or animal.","Through sexual contact (usually vaginal, anal and oral sex) with someone who has the infection.","Each different virus usually only infects one type of cell in your body. For example, hepatitis viruses affect the cells in the liver. HIV infects a certain type of immune system cell."],"medical_scientific_name":"Coxsackievirus infectious disease","basic_treatment_steps":["Proper hand washing.","Paying attention to food safety.","Cleaning surfaces that may be infected with germs.","Avoiding contact with wild animals.","Practicing safe sex (using a condom every time you have anal, vaginal, or oral sex).","Avoiding close contact with people who are sick."],"first_aid_steps":[],"symptoms":[],"keywords":["coxsackievirus","epidemic","epidemic diseases","epidemic_diseases"],"references":[{"title":"MedlinePlus – Viral Infections","url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/viralinfections.html"},{"title":"CDC – Coxsackievirus infectious disease","url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Coxsackievirus%20infectious%20disease"},{"title":"WHO health topics","url":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/"},{"title":"NLM ClinVar – Coxsackievirus infectious 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Outbreak","url":"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=C.%20difficile%20Outbreak"}],"source":"database","source_url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=C.%20difficile%20Outbreak","source_label":"NIH \/ NLM medical references"},{"id":"epidemic-diseases-pertussis","category":"epidemic_diseases","category_label":"Epidemic diseases","title":"Pertussis","answer":"Whooping cough is very contagious and can affect anyone. But it can be especially serious in babies who did not yet get the vaccine. About half of babies under age one who get whooping cough need care in the hospital.","detailed_information":"N\/A","layman_term":"Whooping cough is very contagious and can affect anyone.","possible_causes":["If you get pertussis, you are contagious for about 2 weeks after you start coughing. Antibiotics may shorten the time that you are contagious."],"treatment_overview":["A medical history, which includes asking about your symptoms","A physical exam","Blood test","Chest x-ray"],"medical_scientific_name":"Pertussis","basic_treatment_steps":["Whooping cough can sometimes be very serious and require treatment in the hospital."],"first_aid_steps":[],"symptoms":["Whooping cough usually starts with cold-like symptoms. They may last for 1 to 2 weeks and can include:","Runny nose","Mild fever","Mild, occasional cough","As whopping cough gets worse, the symptoms may include:","Fits of many, rapid coughs followed by a high-pitched \"whoop\" sound","Vomiting during or after coughing fits","Exhaustion after coughing fits","The coughing fits get worse and start happening more often, especially at night. You may have them for up to 10 weeks or more.","Recovery from this can happen slowly. Your cough gets milder and happens less often. The coughing fits can come back if you have another respiratory infection, even months after you first got whooping cough."],"keywords":["pertussis","epidemic","epidemic diseases","epidemic_diseases"],"references":[{"title":"MedlinePlus – Whooping Cough","url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/whoopingcough.html"},{"title":"CDC – Pertussis","url":"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/search\/?query=Pertussis"},{"title":"WHO health topics","url":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/"},{"title":"NLM ClinVar – Pertussis","url":"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/clinvar\/?term=Pertussis"},{"title":"PubMed – Pertussis","url":"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Pertussis"}],"source":"database","source_url":"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/whoopingcough.html","source_label":"MedlinePlus – Whooping Cough"},{"id":"epidemic-diseases-neonatal-group-b-strep","category":"epidemic_diseases","category_label":"Epidemic diseases","title":"Neonatal Group B 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